The 25 Chemicals Found in All Nine of the Biosolids Studied

Median concentrations are normalized to organic carbon and are given in micrograms per kilogram of organic carbon (µg/kg OC)

Chemical Measured	Type of Chemical or Use	Median Concentration µg/kg OC
carbamazapine	antiepileptic drug	68
diphenhydramine	antihistamine drug	340
fluoxetine	antidepressant drug	370
d-limonene	fragrance compound	630
tonalide (AHTN)	fragrance compound	11,600
galaxolide (HHCB)	fragrance compound	3,900
indole	fragrance compound	19,600
4-tert-octylphenol	detergent metabolite	4,030
para-nonylphenol-total	detergent metabolite	261,000
nonylphenol, monoethoxy-total	detergent metabolite	21,600
nonylphenol, dithoxy-total	detergent metabolite	7,010
bisphenol A	fire retardant	4,690
3-beta-coprostanol	steroid	126,000
cholesterol	steroid	209,000
beta-sitosterol	steroid	131,000
stigmastanol	steroid	17,400
phenanthrene	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	342
anthracene	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	139
fluoranthene	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	1,090
pyrene	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	1,110
phenol	disinfectant chemical	2,180
triclosan	disinfectant chemical	10,200
diethylhexyl phthalate	plasticizer	10,500
para-cresol	preservative	4,400
skatol	fecal indicator	2,510

Kinney, C.A., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., Burkhardt, M.R., Werner, S.L., Cahill, J.D., and Jorgensen, G.R., 2006, Survey of organic wastewater contaminants in biosolids destined for land application: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 23, p. 7207-7215, doi:10.1021/es0603406.