Fate of Landfill Leachate:
Norman Municipal Landfill, Norman, Oklahoma

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A view of the berm of the Normal Municipal Landfill, OK, and the area that overlies the leachate plume

Map of the study area showing well transect location and ground-water flow direction

Collecting pore waters from a core to determine natural attenuation rates

USGS scientist using a syringe to withdraw water for analysis of geochemical parameters

Passive-diffusion samples ("peepers") are driven into a wetland to observe the geochemistry of the leachate plume's discharge area

USGS scientists analyzing water samples in the field

Gas samples are collected from an unsaturated zone well to study the natural biodegradation of contaminants

A dual-frequency GPS receiver is used to survey passive-diffusion samples ("peepers") in a wetland at the leading edge of the leachate plume

Installation of a well in the unsaturated zone above the leachate plume

USGS scientists analyzing samples for a study of the microbial-mediated degradation of landfill leachate

USGS scientist collecting water samples from a multilevel monitoring well

Collecting water samples anaerobically in a glove bag to accurately measure redox-sensitive parameters

Collecting samples anaerobically in a glove bag as part of a study of the biogeochemistry of the landfill leachate plume

Sampling redox-sensitive water-quality parameters on-site

USGS scientists installing a drive point well for contaminant transport studies