Unsaturated Zone

Contaminant transport and fate in the unsaturated zone

Brantley, S.L., Liermann, L., and Bullen, T.D., 2001,

Fractionation of Fe isotopes by soil microbes and organic acids: Geology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 535-538, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0535:FOFIBS>2.0.CO;2.

Lerch, R.N., Thurman, E.M., and Blanchard, P.E., 1999,

Hydroxyatrazine in soils and sediments: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 10, p. 2161-2168, doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2161:HISAS>2.3.CO;2.

Nimmo, J.R., and Perkins, K.J., 2002,

Aggregate stability and size distribution, in Dane, J.H., and Topp, G.C., eds., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4, Physical Methods: Madison, Wisconsin, Soil Science Society of America, p. 317-328.

Nimmo, J.R., 2004,

Aggregation - Physical aspects, in Hillel, D., ed., Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment: London, Elsevier, p. 28-35.

Burkart, M.R., Kolpin, D.W., Jaquis, R.J., and Cole, K.J., 1999,

Agrichemicals in ground water of the Midwestern USA--Relations to soil characteristics: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1908-1915.

Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Burns, S., Blanken, P.D., and Monson, R.K., 2004,

Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain, Part 2--Mesoscale effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 125, p. 187-205, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.04.007.

Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Blanken, P.D., Baugh, W.M., and Monson, R.K., 2003,

Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain. Part 1--Canopy and local effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 119, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00136-9.

Landa, E.R., 2004,

Albert H. Munsell--A sense of color at the interface of art and science: Soil Science, v. 169, p. 83-89.

Stevens, J.H., 1994,

Analysis and modeling of infiltration and solute transport experiments in unsaturated sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Princeton, N.J., Princeton University, Department of Civil Engineering and Operations Research, unpublished M.S. thesis, 266 p.

Constantz, J.E., Stonestrom, D.A., Stewart, A.E., Niswonger, R.G., and Smith, T.R., 2001,

Analysis of streambed temperatures in ephemeral channels to determine streamflow frequency and duration: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 2, p. 317-328, 2000WR900271, doi:10.1029/2000WR900271.

Russell, T.F., and Healy, R.W., 2000,

Analytical tracking along streamlines in temporally linear Raviart-Thomas velocity fields, in Proceedings of the XIII International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources, Calgary, Alberta, June 25-29, 2000: p. 631-638.

Baehr, A.L., and Bruell, C.J., 1990,

Application of the Stefan-Maxwell equations to determine limitations of Fick's Law when modeling organic vapor transport in sand columns: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1155-1163, doi:10.1029/WR026i006p01155.

Rudolph, D.L., and Ferre, P., 1995,

Application of time-domain reflectrometry techniques to field-scale tracer testing in unsaturated sediments, in Gambolati, G., and Verri, G., eds., Advanced Methods for Groundwater Pollution Control, proceedings of the international symposium, Udine, Italy, May 5-6, 1994: Springer Verlag, International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, v. 364, p. 217-234.

Perkins, K.S., 2005,

Aquifer recharge estimates based on unsaturated zone measurements, southern New Jersey: San Jose State University, M.S. thesis, 87 p.

Nimmo, J.R., Healy, R.W., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2005,

Aquifer recharge, in Anderson, M.G., and Bear, J., eds., Encyclopedia of Hydrological Science--Part 13, Groundwater: Chichester, UK, Wiley, v. 4, p. 2229-2246.

Nimmo, J.R., Healy, R.W., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2003,

Aquifer recharge, in Stewart, B.A., and Howell, T.A., eds., Encyclopedia of Water Science: New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., p. 22-25, ISBN:0-8247-0947-0.

Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2004,

Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution - combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors: Journal of Hydrology, v. 293, no. 1-4, p. 191-204, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013.

Adams, C.D., Randtke, S.J., Thurman, E.M., and Hulsey, R.A., 1990,

Atrazine and its degradation products in soil and ground water, and the effectiveness of water-treatment processes for their removal, in University of Kansas Environmental 40th Annual Conference, Proceedings, Lawrence, Kan., February 7, 1990: p. 1-24.

Tindall, J.A., and Vencill, W.K., 1996,

Atrazine transport through preferential pathways at the Missouri MSEA, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 607-611.

Hornecker, M.M., 1999,

Automated soil moisture observations and infiltration modeling at the closed Norman, Oklahoma Landfill: Norman, University of Oklahoma, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, unpublished Masters thesis, 165 p.

Hornecker, M.M., and Kolar, R.L., 1998,

Automated soil moisture observations and infiltration modeling at the closed Norman, Oklahoma landfill, in Morel-Seytoux, H.J., ed., 18th AGU Hydrology Days, Proceedings, Fort Collins, Colo., March 30-April 2, 1998: p. 141-152.

Andraski, B.J., 1991,

Balloon and core sampling for determining bulk density of an alluvial desert soil: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 55, no. 4, p. 1188-1190.

Fischer, J.M., and Nichols, W.D., 1986,

Beatty, Nevada, in Dinwiddie, G.A., and Trask, N.J., eds., U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal-Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4009, p. 87-88.

Nichols, W.D., 1982,

Beatty, Nevada, in Schneider, R., Roseboom, E.H., Jr., Robertson, J.B., and Stevens, P.R., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Research in radioactive waste disposal-Fiscal year 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 847, p. 62-63.

Andraski, B.J., Fischer, J.M., and Prudic, D.E., 1991,

Beatty, Nevada, in Trask, N.J., and Stevens, P.R., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Research in radioactive waste disposal--Fiscal years 1986-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4084, p. 34-40.

Goode, D.J., Busenberg, E., Plummer, L.N., Shapiro, A.M., and Vroblesky, D.A., 1999,

CFC's in the unsaturated zone and in shallow ground water at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 809-820.

Walvoord, M.A., Striegl, R.G., Prudic, D.E., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2005,

CO₂ dynamics in the Amargosa Desert--Fluxes and isotopic speciation in a deep unsaturated zone: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 2, W02006, doi:10.1029/2004WR003599.

Parkhurst, D.L., Thorstenson, D.C., and Kipp, K.L., 2000,

Calculating carbon-isotope compositions in an unsaturated zone with seasonally varying CO2 production, in Wang, Y., ed., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hydrogeology and the Environment, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China, October 17-21, 2000: p. 220-224.

Thorstenson, D.C., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2002,

Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for implementation in geochemical models: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4172, 129 p.

Chiou, C.T., 1987,

Capacities and mechanisms of sorption of organic compounds by water-saturated and unsaturated soils, in Ragone, S.E., and Sulam, D.J., eds., Program overview and selected papers from the Toxic-Waste Program technical meeting--Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-324, p. 65-74.

Hutchinson, G.L., Livingston, G.P., Healy, R.W., and Striegl, R.G., 2000,

Chamber measurement of surface-atmosphere trace gas exchange--Numerical evaluation of dependence on soil interfacial layer, and source/sink products: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 105, no. D7, p. 8865-8875.

Shakofsky, S.M., 1995,

Changes in soil hydraulic properties caused by construction of a simulated waste trench at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4058, 26 p.

Shakofsky, S.M., 1993,

Changes in the hydraulic properties of a soil caused by construction of a waste trench at a radioactive waste disposal site: San Jose State University, M.S. thesis, 53 p.

Stannard, D.I., 1992,

Chapter B. Bowen-ratio measurements at sites C and F, in Wilson, D.H., Reginato, R.J., and Hollett, K.J., eds., Evapotranspiration measurements of native vegetation, Owens Valley, California, June 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4159, p. 19-24.

Stannard, D.I., Kustas, W.P., Allwine, K.J., and Anderson, D.E., 1993,

Chapter V., Micrometeorological data collection, in Jackson, T.J., and Schiebe, F.R., eds., Hydrology Data Report--Washita '92: Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Water Quality Laboratory Report 93-1, p. V1-V11.

Humes, K.S., Kustas, W.P., Keefer, T.O., Goodrich, D.C., and Stannard, D.I., 1993,

Chapter XI. Ground-based optical remote sensing measurements, in Jackson, T.J., and Schiebe, F.R., eds., Hydrology Data Report--Washita '92: Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Water Quality Laboratory Report 93-1, p. XI1-XI3.

Leenheer, J.A., and Noyes, T.I., 2003,

Characterization of dissolved organic matter by infrared and ultraviolet/visible spectrometry (Chapter 9), in Schroeder, R.A., ed., Water-quality changes and organic-carbon characterization during recharge with recycled water at a research basin in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles, California, 1991-1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4146, p. 89-101.

Rice, C.A., Cathcart, J.D., Zielinski, R.A., and Otton, J.K., 2003,

Characterization of soils at an active oil production site--Effects of brine and hydrocarbon contamination, in Kharaka, Y.K., and Otton, J.K., eds., Environmental Impacts of Petroleum Production--Initial Results from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Sites, Osage County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4260, p. 137-150.

Wood, W.W., and Sanford, W.E., 1995,

Chemical and isotopic methods for quantifying ground-water recharge in a regional, semi-arid environment: Ground Water, v. 33, no. 3, p. 458-468.

White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D.V., Blum, A.E., Stonestrom, D.A., and Harden, J., 2005,

Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium--III. Hydrochemical evolution and contemporary solute fluxes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 8, p. 1975-1996, doi:doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.003.

Schroeder, R.A., Martin, P., and Böhlke, J.K., 1996,

Chemical, isotopic, and microbiological evidence for denitrification during transport of domestic wastewater through a thick unsaturated zone in the Mojave Desert, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 917-926.

Izbicki, J.A., Michel, R.L., and Martin, P., 1998,

Chloride and tritium concentrations in a thick unsaturated zone underlying an intermittent stream in the Mojave Desert, Southern California, USA, in Van Brahana, J., and others, eds., Gambling with Groundwater, p. 81-88.

Fouty, S., 1989,

Chloride mass-balance as a method for determining long-term ground-water recharge rates and geomorphic surface stability in arid and semi-arid regions--Whiskey Flat and Beatty, Nevada: Tucson, University of Arizona, unpublished M.S. thesis, 130 p.

Bazuhair, A.S., and Wood, W.W., 1996,

Chloride mass-balance method for estimating ground-water recharge in arid areas--Examples from western Saudi Arabia: Journal of Hydrology, v. 186, p. 153-159, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03028-4.

Scanlon, B.R., Healy, R.W., and Cook, P.G., 2002,

Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 10, no. 1, p. 18-39, doi:10.1007/s10040-001-0176-2.

Kammer, J.A., and Smith, J.A., 1989,

Collection and analysis of unsaturated-zone soil gas for volatile organic compounds, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 617-623.

Ehlke, T.A., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1996,

Cometabolic biotransformation of trichloroethylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in unsaturated-zone soil at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 321-327.

Ehlke, T.A., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1993,

Cometabolic biotransformation of trichloroethylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in unsaturated-zone soil at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Special Symposium on Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management V, American Chemical Society, Atlanta, Ga., September 27-29, 1993: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, p. 522-525.

Wood, W., 1999,

Comment on "Field study of spatial variability in unsaturated flow beneath and adjacent to playas" by Bridget R. Scanlon and Richard S. Goldsmith: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 601-601, 1998WR900072, doi:10.1029/1998WR900072.

Chiou, C.T., 1995,

Comment on "Thermodynamics of organic chemical partition in soils": Environmental Science and Technology, v. 29, no. 5, p. 1421-1422, doi:10.1021/es00005a040.

Lavigne, M.B., Ryan, M.G., Anderson, D.E., Baldocchi, D.D., Crill, P.M., Fitzfaarld, D.R., Goulden, M.L., Gower, S.T., Massheder, J.M., McCaughey, J.H., Rayment, M., and Striegl, R.G., 1997,

Comparing nocturnal eddy covariance measurements to estimates of ecosystem respiration made by scaling chamber measurements at six coniferous boreal sites: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 102, no. D24, p. 28,977-28,985.

Rosenberry, D.O., Stannard, D.I., Winter, T.C., and Martinez, M.L., 2004,

Comparison of 13 equations for determining evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota: Wetlands, v. 24, no. 3, p. 483-497.

Stannard, D.I., 1993,

Comparison of Penman-Monteith, Shuttleworth-Wallace, and modified Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration models for wildland vegetation in semiarid rangeland: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 5, p. 1379-1392.

Smith, J.A., Cho, H.J., Jaffe, P.R., MacLeod, C.L., and Koehnlein, S.A., 1991,

Comparison of four methods for sampling and analyzing unsaturated-zone water for trichloroethene at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 708-712.

Thomas, C.L., Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J., 1999,

Comparison of methods to determine infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico, in Bartolino, J.R., ed., U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-203, p. 75-76.

Cox, M., Rosenberry, D., Su, G., Conlon, T., Lee, K., and Constantz, J., 2002,

Comparison of methods to estimate streambed seepage rates, in Kenny, J.F., ed., Ground Water/Surface Water Interactions, AWRA 2002 Summer Specialty Conference Proceedings, Keystone, Colorado, July 1-3, 2002: American Water Resources Association, p. 519-523.

Landon, M.K., Delin, G.N., Komor, S.C., and Regan, C.P., 1999,

Comparison of the stable-isotopic composition of soil water collected from suction lysimeters, wick samplers, and cores in a sandy unsaturated zone: Journal of Hydrology, v. 224, no. 1-2, p. 45-54, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00120-1.

Heppner, C.S., and Nimmo, J.R., 2005,

A computer program for predicting recharge with a master recession curve: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5172, 8 p.

Hsieh, P.A., and others, a., 2001,

Conceptual models of flow and transport in the fractured vadose zone: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, p.

Constantz, J., 1993,

Confirmation of rate-dependent behavior in water retention during drainage in nonswelling porous materials: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1331-1334, 93WR00005, doi:10.1029/93WR00005.

Walvoord, M.A., Stonestrom, D.A., Andraski, B.J., and Striegl, R.G., 2004,

Constraining the inferred paleohydrologic evolution of a deep unsaturated zone in the Amargosa Desert: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 3, p. 502-512.

Lovley, D.R., and Woodward, J.C., 1992,

Consumption of freons CFC-11 and CFC-12 by anaerobic sediments and soils: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 26, no. 5, p. 925-929, doi:10.1021/es00029a009.

Chiou, C.T., and Kile, D.E., 2000,

Contaminant sorption by soil and bed sediment--Is there a difference?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 087-00, 4 p.

Shafroth, P.B., Cleverly, J.R., Dudley, T.L., Taylor, J.P., Van Riper, C., Weeks, E.P., and Stuart, J.N., 2005,

Control of Tamarix in the western United States--Implications for water salvage, wildlife use, and riparian restoration: Environmental Management, v. 35, p. 231-246, doi:10.1007/s00267-004-0099-5.

Winfield, K.A., and Nimmo, J.R., 2002,

Controlled liquid-volume [water retention and storage], in Dane, J.H., and Topp, G.C., eds., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4, Physical Methods: Madison, Wisconsin, Soil Science Society of America, p. 698-703, 717-720.

White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D.V., Blum, A.E., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2006,

Controls on pore water solutes--An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, no. 1-3, p. 363-366, doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.076.

Kile, D.E., Wershaw, R.L., and Chiou, C.T., 1999,

Correlation of soil and sediment organic matter polarity to aqueous sorption of nonionic compounds: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 12, p. 2053-2056, doi:10.1021/es980816o.

Izbicki, J.A., Clark, D.A., Pimental, M.I., Land, M., Radyk, J., and Michel, R.L., 2000,

Data from a thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek washes in the western part of the Mojave Desert, near Victorville, San Bernadino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-262.

Walvoord, M.A., Plummer, M.A., Phillips, F.M., and Wolfsberg, A.V., 2002,

Deep arid system hydrodynamics--1, Equilibrium states and response times in thick desert vadose zones: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 44-1 to 44-15, 2001WR000824, doi:10.1029/2001WR000824.

Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Tyler, S.W., and Hartsough, P.C., 2002,

Deep arid system hydrodynamics--2, Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 27-1 to 27-12, 2001WR000825, doi:10.1029/2001WR000825.

Anderson, D.E., Miller, D.R., Wang, Y.S., Yendol, W.G., and Mierzejewski, K., 1992,

Deposition of aerially applied BT in an oak forest and its prediction with the FSCBG model: Journal of Applied Meteorology, v. 31, p. 1457-1466.

LeBlanc, D.R., Rudolph, D.L., Kachanoski, R.G., and Celia, M.A., 1991,

Design and operation of an infiltration experiment in unsaturated glacial outwash, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 41-46.

Cho, H.J., Jaffe, P.R., and Smith, J.A., 1991,

Design of a field experiment to study the dynamics of trichloroethylene vapors in the unsaturated zone during an infiltration event, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 721-725.

Thomas, C.L., Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J., 2000,

Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4141, 31 p.

Niswonger, R., and Constantz, J., 2000,

Determination of streamflow loss to estimate mountain-front recharge at Bear Canyon, New Mexico, in Cole, J.C., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Middle Rio Grande Basin Study--Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 15-16, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-488, p. 38-40.

Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J., 2000,

Determination of streamflow patterns to estimate stream loss along Abo Arryo, New Mexico, in Cole, J.C., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Middle Rio Grande Basin Study--Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 15-16, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-488, p. 35-37.

Chiou, C.T., and Rutherford, D.W., 1996,

Determination of surface area of soil components by sorption of nitrogen and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether vapors and evaluation of adsorption, partition and cation solvation processes, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 375-380.

Baehr, A.L., and Hult, M.F., 1989,

Determination of the air-phase permeability tensor of an unsaturated zone at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 55-62.

Fischer, J.M., Baker, R.J., Lahvis, M.A., and Baehr, A.L., 1996,

Determination of vapor-phase diffusion coefficients for unsaturated-zone sediments at a gasoline-spill site in Galloway Township, New Jersey, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 35-41.

Constantz, J., 1995,

Determination of water retention in stratified porous materials: Transport in Porous Media, v. 18, p. 217-229, doi:10.1007/BF00616932.

Stonestrom, D.A., and Blasch, K.W., 2003,

Determining temperature and thermal properties for heat-based studies of surface-water ground-water interactions, in Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, Jim, eds., Heat as a Tool for Studying the Movement of Ground Water Near Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1260, 73-80 p.

Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J., 1999,

Developing a long-term water balance for Abo Arroyo, New Mexico, in Bartolino, J.R., ed., U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-203, p. 73-74.

Winfield, K.A., 2005,

Development of property-transfer models for estimating the hydraulic properties of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idahy: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5114, 59 p.

Chiou, C.T., and Kile, D.E., 1998,

Deviations from sorption linearity on soils of polar and nonpolar organic compounds at low relative concentrations: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 338-343, doi:10.1021/es970608g.

Masoner, J.R., Stannard, D.I., and Christenson, S.C., 2008,

Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class A pan on land, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x (Advanced Web release).

Abraham, J.D., and Lucius, J.E., 2004,

Direct current resistivity profiling to study distribution of water in the unsaturated zone near the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1319, 16 p.

Wershaw, R.L., Aiken, G.R., Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Goldberg, M.C., 1994,

Displacement of soil pore water by trichloroethylene: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 23, no. 4, p. 792-798.

Hult, M.F., and Grabbe, R.R., 1988,

Distribution of gases and hydrocarbon vapors in the unsaturated zone, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. C-17-C-20.

Smith, J.A., Kammer, J.A., Chiou, C.T., and Kile, D.E., 1989,

Distribution of trichloroethene in soil gas above contaminated ground water at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 361-370.

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