Unsaturated Zone

Contaminant transport and fate in the unsaturated zone

Abraham, J.D., and Lucius, J.E., 2004,

Direct current resistivity profiling to study distribution of water in the unsaturated zone near the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1319, 16 p.

Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 2001,

Formation and transport of the sulfonic acid metabolites of alachlor and metolachlor in soil: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 35, no. 12, p. 2455-2460, doi:10.1021/es991264s.

Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., Yockel, M.E., Zimmerman, L.R., and Williams, T.D., 1996,

Identification of a new sulfonic acid metabolite of metolachlor in soil: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 592-597, doi:10.1021/es9503600.

Amos, R.T., Mayer, K.U., Bekins, B.A., Delin, G.N., and Williams, R.L., 2005,

Use of dissolved and vapor-phase gases to investigate methanogenic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the subsurface: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 2, W02001, doi:10.1029/2004WR003433.

Anderson, D.E., and Farrar, C.D., 2001,

Eddy covariance measurements of CO2 flux to the atmosphere from an area of high volcanogenic emissions - Mammoth Mountain, California: Chemical Geology, v. 177, p. 31-42, doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00380-6.

Anderson, D.E., Stannard, D.I., Striegl, R.G., and McConnaughey, T.A., 1997,

The exchanges of carbon dioxide and water vapor between Williams Lake and the atmosphere, in Winter, T.C., and Averett, R.C., eds., Interdisciplinary Research Initiative--Hydrological and biogeochemical research in the Shingobee River headwaters area, north-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4215, p. 31-40.

Anderson, D.E., Striegl, R.G., Stannard, D.I., Michmerhuizen, C.M., McConnaughey, T.A., and LaBaugh, J.W., 1999,

Estimating lake-atmosphere CO2 exchange: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 44, no. 4, p. 988-1001.

Andraski, B.J., 1997,

Soil-water movement under natural-site and waste-site conditions--A multiple-year field study in the Mojave Desert, Nevada: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 9, p. 1901-1916, 97WR01502, doi:10.1029/97WR01502.

Andraski, B.J., 1996,

Simulated trench studies near Beatty, Nevada-Initial results and implications, in Stevens, P.R., and Nicholson, T.J., eds., Joint U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Workshop on research related to low-level radioactive waste disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia, Proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4015, p. 111-118.

Andraski, B.J., Fischer, J.M., and Prudic, D.E., 1991,

Beatty, Nevada, in Trask, N.J., and Stevens, P.R., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Research in radioactive waste disposal--Fiscal years 1986-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4084, p. 34-40.

Andraski, B.J., Halford, K.J., and Michel, R.L., 2004,

Plume-scale testing of a simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil, in Workshop on Long-term Performance Monitoring of Metals and Radionuclides in the Subsurface, Reston, Virginia, April 21-22, 2004: Florida State University, Tallahassee.

Andraski, B.J., and Jacobson, E.A., 2000,

Testing a full-range soil-water retention function in modeling water potential and temperature: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 10, p. 3081-3089, 2000WR900193, doi:10.1029/2000WR900193.

Andraski, B.J., and Prudic, D.E., 1997,

Soil, plant, and structural considerations for surface barriers in arid environments--Application of results from studies in the Mojave Desert near Beatty, Nevada, in Barrier Technologies for Environmental Management, Summary of a workshop: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, p. 68-78.

Andraski, B.J., Prudic, D.E., and Nichols, W.D., 1995,

Waste burial in arid environments--Application of information from a field laboratory in the Mojave Desert, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-179-95, 4 p.

Andraski, B.J., Sandstrom, M.W., Michel, R.L., Radyk, J.C., Stonestrom, D.A., Johnson, M.J., and Mayers, C.J., 2003,

Simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 32, no. 3, p. 988-995.

Andraski, B.J., and Stonestrom, D.A., 1999,

Overview of research on water, gas, and radionuclide transport at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 459-465.

Andraski, B.J., Stonestrom, D.A., Michel, R.L., Halford, K.J., and Radyk, J.C., 2005,

Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 4, p. 819-827, doi:10.2136/vzj2005.0052.

Baehr, A.L., and Baker, R.J., 1995,

Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2877-2882, 95WR02077, doi:10.1029/95WR02077.

Baehr, A.L., and Bruell, C.J., 1990,

Application of the Stefan-Maxwell equations to determine limitations of Fick's Law when modeling organic vapor transport in sand columns: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1155-1163, doi:10.1029/WR026i006p01155.

Baehr, A.L., Charles, E.G., and Baker, R.J., 2001,

Methyl tert-butyl ether degradation in the unsaturated zone and the relation between MTBE in the atmosphere and shallow groundwater: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 2, p. 223-233, 2000WR900292, doi:10.1029/2000WR900292.

Baehr, A.L., Fischer, J.M., Lahvis, M.A., Baker, R.J., and Smith, N.P., 1991,

Method for estimating rates of microbial degradation of hydrocarbons based on gas transport in the unsaturated zone at a gasoline-spill site in Galloway Township, New Jersey, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 250-255.

Baehr, A.L., and Hult, M.F., 1991,

Evaluation of unsaturated zone air permeability through pneumatic tests: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 10, p. 2605-2617, 91WR01655, doi:10.1029/91WR01655.

Baehr, A.L., and Hult, M.F., 1989,

Determination of the air-phase permeability tensor of an unsaturated zone at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 55-62.

Baehr, A.L., and Hult, M.F., 1987,

Mathematical modeling of hydrocarbon and oxygen transport coupled with microbial degradation in the unsaturated zone, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. C-27-C-28.

Baehr, A.L., and Joss, C.J., 1995,

An updated model of induced airflow in the unsaturated zone: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 2, p. 417-421, 94WR02423, doi:10.1029/94WR02423.

Baehr, A.L., Kauffman, L.J., Perkins, K., and Nolan, B.T., 2003,

Estimating spatial variability of recharge in southern New Jersey from unsaturated-zone measurements: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4288, 31 p.

Baehr, A.L., Stackelberg, P.E., and Baker, R.J., 1999,

Evaluation of the atmosphere as a source of volatile organic compounds in shallow groundwater: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 127-136, 1998WR900030, doi:10.1029/1998WR900030.

Baker, R.J., Baehr, A.L., and Lahvis, M.A., 2000,

Estimation of hydrocarbon biodegradation rates in gasoline-contaminated sediment from measured respiration rates: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 41, no. 1-2, p. 175-192, doi:10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00063-7.

Baker, R.J., Fischer, J.M., Smith, N.P., Koehnlein, S.A., and Baehr, A.L., 1991,

Gas-chromatographic methods for determining the composition of the vapor phase in gasoline-contaminated soils, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 280-286.

Bartolino, J., and Niswonger, R., 1999,

Temperature profiles of the aquifer system underlying the Rio Grande, New Mexico, in Bartolino, J.R., ed., U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande Basin study; Proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-203, p. 66-67.

Bartolino, J.R., and Niswonger, R., 1999,

Numerical simulation of vertical ground-water flux of the Rio Grande from ground-water temperature profiles, Central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4212, 34 p.

Bazuhair, A.S., and Wood, W.W., 1996,

Chloride mass-balance method for estimating ground-water recharge in arid areas--Examples from western Saudi Arabia: Journal of Hydrology, v. 186, p. 153-159, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03028-4.

Bedinger, M.S., 1989,

Geohydrologic aspects for siting and design of low-level radioactive-waste disposal: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1034, 36 p.

Bennett, J.L., Updegraff, D.M., Pereira, W.E., and Rostad, C.E., 1986,

Microbial transformations of quinoline in soil at a hazardous-waste site near Pensacola, Florida, in Mattraw, H.C., Jr., and Franks, B.J., eds., Movement and fate of creosote waste in groundwater, Pensacola, Florida--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2285, chap. D, p. 27-31.

Bisdorf, R.J., 2002,

Schlumberger soundings at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-0140.

Blevins, D.W., 1991,

Planned studies of movement of nitrogen species and herbicides on claypan soils at the Management Systems Evaluation Area, Missouri, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 240-242.

Bosch, D.D., Leonard, R.A., and Hubbard, R.K., 1996,

Unsaturated zone transport at the Plains, Georgia field site, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 965-969.

Bradley, P.M., Chapelle, F.H., Landmeyer, J.E., and Schumacher, J.G., 1994,

Microbial transformation of nitroaromatics in surface soils and aquifer materials: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 60, no. 6, p. 2170-2175.

Brantley, S.L., Liermann, L., and Bullen, T.D., 2001,

Fractionation of Fe isotopes by soil microbes and organic acids: Geology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 535-538, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0535:FOFIBS>2.0.CO;2.

Brooks, P.D., McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1999,

The relationship between soil heterotrophic activity, soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leachate, and catchment-scale DOC export in headwater catchments: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1895-1902, 1998WR900125, doi:10.1029/1998WR900125.

Brown, R.G., and Nichols, W.D., 1990,

Selected meteorological data for an arid climate over bare soil near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, November 1977 through May 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-195, 48 p.

Bruell, C.J., Gilbert, C.D., and Baehr, A.L., 1991,

Non-Fickian vapor transport in sand columns contaminated with volatile organic compounds, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 294-300.

Burow, K.R., Constantz, J., and Fujii, R., 2005,

Heat as a tracer to estimate dissolved organic carbon flux from a restored wetland: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 4, p. 545-556, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0055.x.

Caputo, M.C., and Nimmo, J.R., 2005,

Quasi-steady centrifuge method for unsaturated hydraulic properties: Water Resources Research, v. 41, W11504, doi:10.1029/2005WR003957.

Chapelle, F.H., and Bradley, P.M., 1996,

Microbial degradation of nitrotoluenes in surface soils and aquifer sediments, Weldon Spring, Missouri, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 889-894.

Charlton, S.R., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2002,

PHREEQCI--A graphical user interface to the geochemical model PHREEQC: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 031-02, 2 p.

Chattopadhyay, S., and Puls, R.W., 1999,

Fate of pathogenic microorganisms in soil, in Alleman, B.C., and Leeson, A., eds., Phytoremediation and Innovative Strategies for Specialized Remedial Applications--Proceedings of the Fifth International In-Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, San Diego, Calif., April 19--22, 1999: Columbus, Ohio, Battelle Press, p. 163-168, ISBN:1-57477-079-9 (Contact The Conference Group Inc. for information on the availability of the proceedings.).

Chiou, C.T., 1995,

Comment on "Thermodynamics of organic chemical partition in soils": Environmental Science and Technology, v. 29, no. 5, p. 1421-1422, doi:10.1021/es00005a040.

Chiou, C.T., 1987,

Capacities and mechanisms of sorption of organic compounds by water-saturated and unsaturated soils, in Ragone, S.E., and Sulam, D.J., eds., Program overview and selected papers from the Toxic-Waste Program technical meeting--Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-324, p. 65-74.

Chiou, C.T., and Kile, D.E., 2000,

Contaminant sorption by soil and bed sediment--Is there a difference?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 087-00, 4 p.

Chiou, C.T., and Kile, D.E., 1998,

Deviations from sorption linearity on soils of polar and nonpolar organic compounds at low relative concentrations: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 338-343, doi:10.1021/es970608g.

Chiou, C.T., and Kile, D.E., 1994,

Effects of polar and nonpolar groups on the solubility of organic compounds in soil organic matter: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1139-1144, doi:10.1021/es00055a026.

Chiou, C.T., Kile, D.E., and Malcolm, R.L., 1988,

Sorption of vapors of some organic liquids by soil humic acid and its relation of partitioning of organic compounds in soil organic matter: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 22, no. 3, p. 298-303, doi:10.1021/es00168a010.

Chiou, C.T., Kile, D.E., Rutherford, D.W., Sheng, G., and Boyd, S.A., 2000,

Sorption of selected organic compounds from water to a peat soil and its humic-acid and humin fractions: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1254-1258, doi:10.1021/es990261c.

Chiou, C.T., Lee, J.F., and Boyd, S.A., 1992,

Reply to comment on "The surface area of soil organic matter": Environmental Science and Technology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 404-406, doi:10.1021/es00026a028.

Chiou, C.T., Lee, J.F., and Boyd, S.A., 1990,

The surface area of soil organic matter: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1164-1166, doi:10.1021/es00078a002.

Chiou, C.T., McGroddy, S.E., and Kile, D.E., 1998,

Partition characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soils and sediments: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 2, p. 264-269, doi:10.1021/es970614c.

Chiou, C.T., Porter, P.E., and Schmedding, D.W., 1983,

Partition equilibria of nonionic organic compounds between soil organic matter and water: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 227-231, doi:10.1021/es00110a009.

Chiou, C.T., Porter, P.E., and Shoup, T.D., 1984,

Reply to, MacIntyer, W.G., and Smith, C.L., Comment on "Partition equilibria of nonionic organic compounds between soil organic matter and water": Environmental Science and Technology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 295-297, doi:10.1021/es00122a018.

Chiou, C.T., Rutherford, D., and Manes, M., 1993,

Sorption of nitrogen and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) vapors on some soils, clays, and mineral oxides and determination of sample surface areas by use of sorption data: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1587-1594, doi:10.1021/es00045a014.

Chiou, C.T., and Rutherford, D.W., 1996,

Determination of surface area of soil components by sorption of nitrogen and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether vapors and evaluation of adsorption, partition and cation solvation processes, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 375-380.

Chiou, C.T., Sheng, G., and Manes, M., 2001,

A partition-limited model for the plant uptake of organic contaminants from soil and water: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 35, no. 7, p. 1437-1444, doi:10.1021/es0017561.

Chiou, C.T., and Shoup, T.D., 1985,

Soil sorption of organic vapors and effects of humidity on sorptive mechanism and capacity: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 19, no. 12, p. 1196-1200, doi:10.1021/es00142a010.

Cho, H.J., Jaffé, P.R., and Smith, J.A., 1993,

Simulating the volatilization of solvents in unsaturated soils during laboratory and field infiltration experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 10, p. 3329-3342, 93WR01414, doi:10.1029/93WR01414.

Cho, H.J., Jaffe, P.R., and Smith, J.A., 1991,

Design of a field experiment to study the dynamics of trichloroethylene vapors in the unsaturated zone during an infiltration event, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 721-725.

Cho, H.J., Smith, J.A., and Jaffé, P.R., 1996,

Simulation of trichloroethylene volatilization in the unsaturated zone during a field infiltration experiment at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 315-320.

Constantz, J., 1999,

A process for simultaneous solar distillation and drip irrigation: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 144-99, 2 p.

Constantz, J., 1998,

Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1609-1615, 98WR00998, doi:10.1029/98WR00998.

Constantz, J., 1995,

Determination of water retention in stratified porous materials: Transport in Porous Media, v. 18, p. 217-229, doi:10.1007/BF00616932.

Constantz, J., 1993,

Confirmation of rate-dependent behavior in water retention during drainage in nonswelling porous materials: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1331-1334, 93WR00005, doi:10.1029/93WR00005.

Constantz, J., Stonestrom, D.A., and Thomas, C.L., 1997,

Turbidity, mountain-front, and interarroyo recharge in the middle Rio Grande basin, New Mexico--Collaborative National Research Program/New Mexico District Research Program, in Bartalino, J.R., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Middle Rio Grande Basin Study; Proceedings of the First annual workshop, Denver, Colorado, November 12-14, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-116, p. 43.

Constantz, J., and Thomas, C.L., 1997,

Stream bed temperature profiles as indicators of percolation characteristics beneath arroyos in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 12, p. 1621-1634, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19971015)11:12<1621::AID-HYP493>3.0.CO;2-X.

Constantz, J., and Thomas, C.L., 1996,

The use of streambed temperature profiles to estimate the depth, duration, and rate of percolation beneath arroyos: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 12, p. 3597-3602, 96WR03014, doi:10.1029/96WR03014.

Constantz, J., Thomas, C.L., and Zellweger, G., 1994,

Influence of diurnal variations in stream temperature on streamflow loss and groundwater recharge: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 12, p. 3253-3264, 94WR01968, doi:10.1029/94WR01968.

Constantz, J., Tyler, S., and Kwicklis, E., 2003,

Temperature-profile methods for estimating percolation rates in arid environments: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 2, no. 1, p. 12-24, doi:10.2113/2.1.12.

Constantz, J.E., Stonestrom, D.A., Stewart, A.E., Niswonger, R.G., and Smith, T.R., 2001,

Analysis of streambed temperatures in ephemeral channels to determine streamflow frequency and duration: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 2, p. 317-328, 2000WR900271, doi:10.1029/2000WR900271.

Deitsch, J.J., and Smith, J.A., 1995,

Effect of Triton X-100 on the rate of trichloroethene desorption from soil to water: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1069-1080, doi:10.1021/es00004a029.

Delin, G.N., Healy, R.W., Landon, M.K., and Böhlke, J.K., 2000,

Effects of topography and soil properties on recharge at two sites in an agricultural field: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1401-1416, AWRA Paper Number 99095, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05735.x.

Delin, G.N., Healy, R.W., Landon, M.K., and Böhlke, J.K., 2000,

Effects of topography and soil properties on recharge at two sites in an agricultural field: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1401-1416.

Delin, G.N., and Herkelrath, W.N., 2005,

Use of soil moisture probes to estimate ground water recharge at an oil spill site: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1259-1277, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03799.x.

Delin, G.N., and Herkelrath, W.N., 1999,

Long-term monitoring of unsaturated-zone properties to estimate recharge at the Bemidji crude-oil spill site, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 143-151.

Delin, G.N., and Landon, M.K., 2002,

Effects of surface run-off on the transport of agricultural chemicals to ground water in a sandplain setting: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 295, no. 1-3, p. 143-155, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00071-2.

Delin, G.N., and Landon, M.K., 2002,

Effects of topography on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater in a sand-plain setting: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 10, no. 4, p. 443-454, doi:10.1007/s10040-002-0208-6.

Delin, G.N., and Landon, M.K., 1996,

Effects of topography on the transport of agricultural chemicals near Princeton, Minnesota, 1992, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 555-564.

Delin, G.N., and Landon, M.K., 1993,

Effects of focused recharge on the transport of agricultural chemicals at the Princeton, Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-42, 8 p.

Delin, G.N., and Landon, M.K., 1993,

Effects of recharge on the transport of agricultural chemicals at the Princeton, Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-79, 2 p.

Delin, G.N., Landon, M.K., Healy, R.W., and Olsen, H.W., 1996,

Spatial variability of unsaturated-zone properties in relation to topography in a sand-plain setting near Princeton, Minnesota, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 565-573.

Delin, G.N., and Risser, D.W., 2007,

Ground-water recharge in humid areas of the United States--A summary of Ground-Water Resources Program studies, 2003-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3007, 4 p.

Detroy, M.G., 1989,

Seasonal variation and vertical distribution and movement of herbicides and nitrate in unsaturated and saturated alluvium underlying a cropped field, Iowa County, Iowa, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 634.

Druliner, A.D., 1989,

Overview of the relations of nonpoint-source agricultural chemical contamination to local hydrogeologic, soil, land-use, and hydrochemical characteristics of the High Plains aquifer of Nebraska, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 411-435.

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Stonestrom, D.A., Prudic, D.E., Walvoord, M.A., Abraham, J.D., Stewart-Deaker, A.E., Glancy, P.A., Constantz, J., Laczniak, R.J., and Andraski., B.J., 2007,

Focused ground-water recharge in the Amargosa Desert Basin, in Stonestrom, D.A., Constantz, J., Ferre, T.P.A., and Leake, S.A., eds., Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1703-E, p. 107-136.

Striegl, R.G., Healy, R.W., Michel, R.L., and Prudic, D.E., 1998,

Tritium in unsaturated zone gases and air at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, and in spring and river water, near Beatty, Nevada, May 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-778, 13 p.

Striegl, R.G., Prudic, D.E., Duval, J.S., Healy, R.W., Landa, E.R., Pollock, D.W., Thorstenson, D.C., and Weeks, E.P., 1996,

Factors affecting tritium and 14carbon distributions in the unsaturated zone near the low-level radioactive-waste burial site south of Beatty, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-110, 16 p.

Su, G.W., Nimmo, J.R., and Dragila, M.I., 2003,

Effect of isolated fractures on accelerated flow in unsaturated porous rock: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1-1 - 1-5, doi:10.1029/2002WR001691.

Thomas, C.L., Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J., 2000,

Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4141, 31 p.

Thomas, C.L., Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J., 1999,

Comparison of methods to determine infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico, in Bartolino, J.R., ed., U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-203, p. 75-76.

Thorstenson, D.C., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2002,

Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for implementation in geochemical models: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4172, 129 p.

Tindall, J.A., Friedel, M.J., Szmajter, R.J., and Cuffin, S.M., 2005,

Part 1--Vadose-zone column studies of toluene (enhanced bioremediation) in a shallow unconfined aquifer: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 168, no. 1-4, p. 325-357, doi:10.1007/s11270-005-1486-0.

Tindall, J.A., Lull, K.J., and Gaggiani, N.G., 1994,

Effects of land disposal of municipal sewage sludge on fate of nitrates in soil, streambed sediment and water quality: Journal of Hydrology, v. 163, no. 1-2, p. 147-185, doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)90027-2

Tindall, J.A., Petrusak, R.L., and McMahon, P.B., 1995,

Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media: Journal of Hydrology, v. 169, no. 1-4, p. 51-94, doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)02666-Y.

Tindall, J.A., and Vencill, W.K., 1996,

Atrazine transport through preferential pathways at the Missouri MSEA, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 607-611.

Tindall, J.A., and Vencill, W.K., 1995,

Transport of atrazine, 2,4-D, and dicamba through preferential flowpaths in an unsaturated claypan soil near Centralia, Missouri: Journal of Hydrology, v. 166, no. 1-2, p. 37-59, doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)02603-9.

Tindall, J.A., Weeks, E.P., Friedel, M.J., and Nutt, A., 2005,

Part 2--A field study of enhanced remediation of toluene in the vadose zone using a nutrient solution: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 168, no. 1-4, p. 359-389, doi:10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4.

Tumbusch, M.L., and Prudic, D.E., 2000,

Temperatures and water potentials in shallow unsaturated alluvium next to a burial site for low-level radioactive waste, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada, 1987-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4261, 37 p.

Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Blanken, P.D., Baugh, W.M., and Monson, R.K., 2003,

Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain. Part 1--Canopy and local effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 119, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00136-9.

Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Burns, S., Blanken, P.D., and Monson, R.K., 2004,

Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain, Part 2--Mesoscale effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 125, p. 187-205, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.04.007.

Voss, C.E., 1984,

SUTRA, A finite-element simulation model for saturated-unsaturated, fluid-density-dependent ground-water flow with energy transport or chemically-reactive single-species solute transport: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4369, 409 p.

Walton-Day, K., Rossi, F.J., Gerner, L.J., Evans, J.B., Yager, T.J., Ranville, J.F., and Smith, K.S., 2000,

Effects of fluvial tailings deposits on soils and surface- and ground-water quality, and implications for remediation--Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, 1992-1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4273, 100 p.

Walvoord, M.A., Andraski, B.J., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Striegl, R.G., 2008,

Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 3, p. 572-583, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.014.

Walvoord, M.A., and Phillips, F.M., 2004,

Identifying areas of basin-floor recharge in the Trans-Pecos region and the link to vegetation: Journal of Hydrology, v. 292, no. 1-4, p. 59-74, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.029.

Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Stonestrom, D.A., Evans, R.D., Hartsough, P.C., Newman, B.D., and Striegl, R.G., 2004,

Response to comment on "A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils": Science, v. 304, p. 51, doi:10.1126/science.1095033.

Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Stonestrom, D.A., Evans, R.D., Hartsough, P.C., Newman, B.D., and Striegl, R.G., 2003,

A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils: Science, v. 302, no. 5647, p. 1021-1024, doi:10.1126/science.1086435.

Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Tyler, S.W., and Hartsough, P.C., 2002,

Deep arid system hydrodynamics--2, Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 27-1 to 27-12, 2001WR000825, doi:10.1029/2001WR000825.

Walvoord, M.A., Plummer, M.A., Phillips, F.M., and Wolfsberg, A.V., 2002,

Deep arid system hydrodynamics--1, Equilibrium states and response times in thick desert vadose zones: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 44-1 to 44-15, 2001WR000824, doi:10.1029/2001WR000824.

Walvoord, M.A., Stonestrom, D.A., Andraski, B.J., and Striegl, R.G., 2004,

Constraining the inferred paleohydrologic evolution of a deep unsaturated zone in the Amargosa Desert: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 3, p. 502-512.

Walvoord, M.A., Striegl, R.G., Prudic, D.E., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2005,

CO₂ dynamics in the Amargosa Desert--Fluxes and isotopic speciation in a deep unsaturated zone: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 2, W02006, doi:10.1029/2004WR003599.

Wang, Y.S., Miller, D.R., Anderson, D.E., Cionco, R., and Lin, J.D., 1992,

A spatial length scale analysis of turbulent temperature and velocity fluctuations within and above an orchard canopy: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v. 59, p. 125-139, doi:10.1007/BF00120690.

Wang, Y.S., Miller, D.R., Anderson, D.E., and McManus, M.L., 1995,

A lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 277-291, doi:10.1016/0168-1923(95)02221-I.

Weeks, E.P., 1996,

Problems of field identification of preferential flow through fractured media, in Stevens, P.R., and Nicholson, J.J., eds., Joint U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission workshop on research related to low-level radioactive waste disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia; Proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4015, p. 96-102.

Welty, C., and Baehr, A.L., Joss, C.J., and Dillow, J.J.A., 1991,

Use of mathematical programming coupled with a transport model to optimize the design of vapor-extraction systems, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 276-279.

Welty, C., Joss, C.J., and Baehr, A.L., 1996,

Optimizing the design of vapor-extraction remediation systems for removal of organic contaminants from the unsaturated zone, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 55-59.

Wershaw, R.L., Aiken, G.R., Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Goldberg, M.C., 1994,

Displacement of soil pore water by trichloroethylene: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 23, no. 4, p. 792-798.

White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D.V., Blum, A.E., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2006,

Controls on pore water solutes--An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, no. 1-3, p. 363-366, doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.076.

White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D.V., Blum, A.E., Stonestrom, D.A., and Harden, J., 2005,

Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium--III. Hydrochemical evolution and contemporary solute fluxes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 8, p. 1975-1996, doi:doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.003.

Wilkison, D.H., Blevins, D.W., Kelly, B.P., and Wallace, W.C., 1994,

Hydrology and water quality in claypan soil and glacial till at the Missouri Manangement Systems Evaluation Area near Centralia, Mo.--May 1991 to September 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-705-W, 65 p.

Wilkison, D.H., Blevins, D.W., and Silva, S.R., 2000,

Use of isotopically labeled fertilizer to trace nitrogen fertilizer contributions to surface, soil, and ground water: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 8, no. 6, p. 1-16 (Abstract).

Winfield, K.A., 2005,

Development of property-transfer models for estimating the hydraulic properties of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idahy: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5114, 59 p.

Winfield, K.A., 2003,

Spatial variability of sedimentary interbed properties near the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4142, 36 p.

Winfield, K.A., Nimmo, J.R., Izbicki, J.A., and Martin, P.M., 2006,

Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, p. 706-719, doi:10.2136/vzj2005.0088.

Wood, J.L., 1996,

Selected meteorological and micrometeorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-434, 33 p.

Wood, J.L., and Andraski, B.J., 1995,

Selected meteorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar years 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-489, 49 p.

Wood, J.L., and Andraski, B.J., 1992,

Selected meteorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-484, 27 p.

Wood, J.L., and Fischer, J.M., 1992,

Selected meteorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-59, 27 p.

Wood, J.L., and Fischer, J.M., 1991,

Selected meteorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-189, 27 p.

Wood, J.L., Hill, K.J., and Andraski, B.J., 1992,

Selected meteorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-61, 27 p.

Wood, W., 1999,

Comment on "Field study of spatial variability in unsaturated flow beneath and adjacent to playas" by Bridget R. Scanlon and Richard S. Goldsmith: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 601-601, 1998WR900072, doi:10.1029/1998WR900072.

Wood, W.W., 2000,

Ground-water recharge in the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 127-99.

Wood, W.W., and Petraitis, M.J., 1984,

Origin and distribution of carbon dioxide in the unsaturated zone of the Southern High Plains of Texas: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 9, p. 1193-1208, 4W0757, doi:10.1029/WR020i009p01193.

Wood, W.W., and Sanford, W.E., 1995,

Chemical and isotopic methods for quantifying ground-water recharge in a regional, semi-arid environment: Ground Water, v. 33, no. 3, p. 458-468.

Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2004,

Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution - combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors: Journal of Hydrology, v. 293, no. 1-4, p. 191-204, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013.

Yi, C., Monson, R.K., Zhai, Z., Anderson, D.E., Lamb, B., Allwine, G., Turnipseed, A.A., and Burns, S.P., 2005,

Modeling and measuring the nocturnal drainage flow in a high-elevation, subalpine forest with complex terrain: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 110, D22303, doi:10.1029/2005JD006282.

Zielinski, R.A., Rice, C.A., and Otton, J.K., 2003,

Use of soil extracts to define the extent of brine-impacted soils and bedrock at oil production site "B", Osage-Skiatook Project, northeastern Oklahoma, in Sublette, K., ed., 9th International Petroleum Environmental Conference Special Session--Fate and Transport of Brine and Hydrocarbon Releases in Soils and Water, Northeast Oklahoma, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 22-25, 2002: IPEC, p. 12 pages.

Zielinski, R.A., Rice, C.A., and Otton, J.K., 2003,

Use of soil extracts to define the extent of brine-impacted soils and bedrock at the Osage-Skiatook petroleum environmental research "B" site, northeastern Oklahoma, in Kharaka, Y.K., and Otton, J.K., eds., Environmental Impacts of Petroleum Production--Initial Results from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Sites, Osage County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4260, p. 127-135.

There are 308 on-line publications in this section of the bibliography. The Toxics Bibliographic Data Base was last updated on 5/15/08.

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More Information

• Waste Disposal and Contaminant Migration in the Arid Southwest, Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada
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• Unsaturated Zone Field Studies
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