Contaminant Plume Geochemistry and Microbiology

Geochemical and microbiological characterization of processes related to contaminant plume migration and evolution

Abrams, R.H., 1999,

A compartmentalized approach to simulating redox zones in contaminated aquifers: Stanford, Calif., Stanford University, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 182 p.

Abrams, R.H., and Loague, K., 2000,

A compartmentalized solute transport model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers--1, Theory and development: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 8, p. 2001-2013, 2000WR900110, doi:10.1029/2000WR900110.

Abrams, R.H., and Loague, K., 2000,

A compartmentalized solute transport model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers--2, Field-scale simulations: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 8, p. 2015--2029, 10.1029/2000WR900111, doi:10.1029/2000WR900111.

Abrams, R.H., Loague, K., and Kent, D.B., 1998,

Development and testing of a compartmentalized reaction network model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1531-1541, 98WR00485, doi:10.1029/98WR00485.

Anderson, L.D., Kent, D.B., and Davis, J.A., 1994,

Batch experiments characterizing the reduction of chromium(VI) using suboxic material from a mildly reducing sand and gravel aquifer: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 178-185, doi:10.1021/es00050a025.

Anderson, L.D., Kent, D.B., and Davis, J.A., 1991,

Adsorption and reduction of chromium (VI) under toxic conditions in a shallow sand aquifer at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 63-71.

Anderson, R.T., and Lovley, D.R., 2000,

Hexadecane decay by methanogenesis: Nature, v. 404, p. 722-723.

Anderson, R.T., Rooney-Varga, J.N., Gaw, C.V., and Lovley, D.R., 1999,

Aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation under Fe(III)-reducing conditions, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 177-186.

Anderson, R.T., Rooney-Varga, J.N., Gaw, C.V., and Lovley, D.R., 1998,

Anaerobic benzene degradation in the Fe(III) reduction zone of petroleum-contaminated aquifers: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1222-1229, doi:10.1021/es9704949.

Back, W., and Baedecker, M.J., 1989,

Chemical hydrogeology in natural and contaminated environments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 106, p. 1-28.

Baedecker, M.J., 1994,

Field and laboratory results--getting the whole picture, in Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ground Water, Denver, Colorado, August 30-September 1, 1994: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, p. 41-46.

Baedecker, M.J., Back, W., and Cravotta III, C.A., 1994,

Consequences of energy use on water, in Carter, L.M.H., ed., Tenth V.E. McKelvey Forum, Energy and the Environment - Application of geosciences to decision making: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1108, p. 34-36.

Baedecker, M.J., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1994,

Biogeochemical processes and migration of aqueous constituents in ground water contaminated with crude oil, in Dutton, A.R., ed., Toxic Substances and the Hydrologic Sciences--Proceedings of the conference, Austin, Texas, April 10-13, 1994: Minneapolis, Minn., American Institute of Hydrology, p. 69-79.

Baedecker, M.J., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1992,

The determination and fate of unstable constituents of contaminated groundwater, in Lesage, S., and Jackson, R.E., eds., Groundwater contamination and analysis at hazardous waste sites: New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., p. 425-462.

Baedecker, M.J., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1991,

Geochemical modeling of organic degradation reactions in an aquifer contaminated with crude oil, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 627-632.

Baedecker, M.J., Cozzarelli, I.M., Bennett, P.C., Eganhouse, R.P., and Hult, M.F., 1996,

Evolution of the contaminant plume in an aquifer contaminated with crude oil, Bemidji, Minnesota, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 613-620.

Baedecker, M.J., Cozzarelli, I.M., Evans, J.R., and Hearn, P.P., 1992,

Authigenic mineral formation in aquifers rich in organic material, in Kharaka, Y.K., and Maest, A.S., eds., Low temperature environments, v. 1 of Water-rock interaction--Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction--WRI-7, Park City, Utah, July 13-18, 1992: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 257-261.

Baedecker, M.J., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Hopple, J.A., 1987,

The composition and fate of hydrocarbons in a shallow glacial-outwash aquifer, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. C-23-C-24.

Baedecker, M.J., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Phinney, C.S., 1991,

Distribution of organic and inorganic constituents in ground water at Galloway Township, New Jersey, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 287-293.

Baedecker, M.J., Cozzarelli, I.M., Siegel, D.I., Bennett, P.C., and Eganhouse, R.P., 1993,

Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer--III, Biogeochemical reactions and mass balance modeling in anoxic ground water: Applied Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 6, p. 569-586, doi:10.1016/0883-2927(93)90012-6.

Baedecker, M.J., and Eganhouse, R.P., 1991,

Partitioning and transport of hydrocarbons from crude oil in a sand and gravel aquifer, in Preprints of Papers Presented at the 201st ACA National Meeting, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Atlanta, Georgia, April 14-19, 1991: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, v. 31, no. 1, p. 463-466.

Baedecker, M.J., Eganhouse, R.P., and Lindsay, S.S., 1984,

Organic geochemistry of crude-oil contaminants--Preliminary results and project plan, in Hult, M.F., ed., Ground-water contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination Study--Papers presented at the toxic-waste technical meeting, Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4188, chap. E, p. 65-79.

Baedecker, M.J., Franks, B.J., Goerlitz, D.F., and Hopple, J.A., 1988,

Geochemistry of a shallow aquifer contaminated with creosote products, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. A-17-A-20.

Baedecker, M.J., and Lindsay, S.S., 1984,

Distribution of unstable constituents in ground water near a creosote works, Pensacola, Florida, in Mattraw, H.C., Jr., and Franks, B.J., eds., Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2285, chap. B, p. 9-17.

Baedecker, M.J., Siegel, D.I., Bennett, P.C., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1989,

The fate and effects of crude oil in a shallow aquifer--I, The distribution of chemical species and geochemical facies, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 13-20.

Báez-Cazull, S., McGuire, J.T., Cozzarelli, I.M., Raymond, A., and Welsh, L., 2007,

Centimeter-scale characterization of biogeochemical gradients at a wetland-aquifer interface using capillary electrophoresis: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 12, p. 2664-2683, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.003 (Special Issue--Biogeochemical Gradients--Microbes, Measurements, and Modeling, Biogeochemical Gradients: Microbes, Measurements, and Modeling).

Báez-Cazull, S.E., McGuire, J.T., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Voytek, M.A., 2008,

Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 1, p. 30-46, doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0169.

Bahr, J.M., and Rubin, J., 1987,

Direct comparison of kinetic and local equilibrium formulations for solute transport affected by surface reactions: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 3, p. 438-452.

Barber, L.B., 1992,

Hierarchical analytical approach to evaluating the transport and biogeochemical fate of organic compounds in sewage-contaminated groundwater, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Lesage, S., and Jackson, R.E., eds., Groundwater contamination and analysis at hazardous waste sites: New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 73-120.

Barber, L.B., II, 1994,

Sorption of chlorobenzenes to Cape Cod aquifer sediments: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 5, p. 890-897, doi:10.1021/es00054a021.

Barber, L.B., II, 1991,

Effects of particle size and mineralogy on sorption of nonionic organic solutes to glacial outwash sediments, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 111-115.

Barber, L.B., II, 1990,

Geochemical heterogeneity in a glacial outwash aquifer--Effect of particle size and mineralogy on sorption of nonionic organic solutes: Boulder, University of Colorado, Department of Geological Sciences, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 238 p.

Barber, L.B., II, 1989,

Influence of geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer on the sorption of chlorobenzenes, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 177-182.

Barber, L.B., II, 1987,

Influence of geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer on the transport of nonionic organic solutes--Methods of sediment characterization, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. B-45-B-51.

Barber, L.B., II, 1985,

Geochemistry of organic and inorganic compounds in a sewage-contaminated aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Boulder, University of Colorado, Department of Geological Sciences, unpublished M.S. thesis, 169 p.

Barber, L.B., II, Thurman, E.M., Field, J.A., Leenheer, J.A., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1991,

Biogeochemical fate of organic compounds in sewage-contaminated ground water, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 102-105.

Barber, L.B., II, Thurman, E.M., and Runnells, D.D., 1992,

Geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer--Effect of sediment mineralogy and particle size on the sorption of chlorobenzenes: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 35-54, doi:10.1016/0169-7722(92)90049-K.

Barber, L.B., II, Thurman, E.M., and Schroeder, M.P., 1984,

Closed-loop stripping combined with capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis to define a semi-volatile organic contaminant plume, in LeBlanc, D.R., ed., Movement and fate of solutes in a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste Ground-Water Contamination Program--Papers presented at the toxic waste technical meeting, Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-475, p. 89-114.

Barber, L.B., II, Thurman, E.M., Schroeder, M.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1988,

Long-term fate of organic micropollutants in sewage-contaminated groundwater: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 205-211, doi:10.1021/es00167a012.

Barber, L.B., and Keefe, S.H., 1999,

Evolution of a ground-water sewage plume after removal of the 60-year-long source, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--Changes in the distribution of dissolved oxygen, boron, and organic carbon, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 261-270.

Bau, M., Alexander, B., Chesley, J.T., Dulski, P., and Brantley, S.L., 2004,

Mineral dissolution in the Cape Cod aquifer, Massachusetts, USA--I. Reaction stoichiometry and impact of accessory feldspar and glauconite on strontium isotopes, solute concentrations, and REY distribution: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 6, p. 1199-1216, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.015.

Bekins, B., Rittmann, B.E., and MacDonald, J.A., 2001,

Natural attenuation strategy for groundwater cleanup focuses on demonstrating cause and effect: Eos, v. 82, no. 5, p. 53, 57-58.

Bekins, B.A., 2000,

Groundwater and microbial processes theme issue - Guest editor's preface: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 2-3, doi:10.1007/s100400050002.

Bekins, B.A., Baehr, A.L., Cozzarelli, I.M., Essaid, H.I., Haack, S.K., Harvey, R.W., Shapiro, A.M., Smith, J.A., and Smith, R.L., 1999,

Capabilities and challenges of natural attenuation in the subsurface--Lessons from the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 37-56.

Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Curtis, G.P., 2005,

A simple method for calculating growth rates of petroleum hydrocarbon plumes: Ground Water, v. 0, no. 0, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00093.x.

Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Godsy, E.M., Warren, E., Essaid, H.I., and Tuccillo, M.E., 2001,

Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude oil spill site--II, Controls on spatial distribution of microbial populations: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 387-406, doi:10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00175-9

Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Godsy, E.M., Warren, E.M., Tuccillo, M.E., Essaid, H.I., and Paganelli, V.V., 1999,

Chemical and physical controls on microbial populations in the Bemidji Toxics Site crude-oil plume, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 133-142.

Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Warren, E., and Godsy, E.M., 2002,

Microbial ecology of a crude-oil contaminated aquifer, in Thornton, S.F., and Oswald, S.E., eds., Natural and Enhanced Restoration of Groundwater Pollution: International Association of Hydrological Sciences IAHS Red Book Series 275, p. 57-63.

Bekins, B.A., Godsy, E.M., and Warren, E., 1999,

Distribution of microbial physiologic types in an aquifer contaminated by crude oil: Microbial Ecology, v. 37, no. 4, p. 263-275, doi:10.1007/s002489900149.

Bekins, B.A., Hostettler, F.D., Herkelrath, W.N., Delin, G.N., Warren, E., and Essaid, H.I., 2005,

Progression of methanogenic degradation of crude oil in the subsurface: Environmental Geosciences, v. 12, no. 2, p. 139-152, doi:10.1306/eg.11160404036.

Bennett, J.L., Updegraff, D.M., Pereira, W.E., and Rostad, C.E., 1986,

Microbial transformations of quinoline in soil at a hazardous-waste site near Pensacola, Florida, in Mattraw, H.C., Jr., and Franks, B.J., eds., Movement and fate of creosote waste in groundwater, Pensacola, Florida--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2285, chap. D, p. 27-31.

Bennett, J.L., Updegraff, D.M., Pereira, W.E., and Rostad, C.E., 1985,

Isolation and identification of four species of quinoline-degrading Pseudomonads from a creosote-contaminated site at Pensacola, Fla.: Microbios Letters, v. 29, p. 147-154.

Bennett, P.C., 1991,

The chemistry of silica-organic complexation in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 638-640.

Bennett, P.C., 1991,

Quartz dissolution of organic-rich aqueous systems--II, Apparent solubility and rate of dissolution: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, p. 1781-1797.

Bennett, P.C., 1989,

Silica mobility in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 5-11.

Bennett, P.C., 1987,

Solid phase studies of aquifer sediments, Bemidji, Minnesota, research site, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. C-21-C-22.

Bennett, P.C., 1985,

Solid phase studies of quartz and aluminosilicates in an aquifer contaminated by crude petroleum: Syracuse, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, unpublished M.S. thesis, 110 p.

Bennett, P.C., and Hiebert, F.K., 1996,

Investigations of microbial weathering of minerals, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 671-677.

Bennett, P.C., and Hiebert, F.K., 1992,

Microbial mediation of silicate diagenesis in organic-rich waters, in Kharaka, Y.K., and Maest, A.S., eds., Low temperature environments, v. 1 of Water-rock interaction--Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction--WRI--7, Park City Utah, July 13-18, 1992: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 267-270.

Bennett, P.C., Hiebert, F.K., and Choi, W.J., 1997,

Rates of microbial weathering of silicates in ground water: Chemical Geology, v. 132, no. 1, p. 45-53.

Bennett, P.C., Hiebert, F.K., and Rogers, J.R., 2000,

Microbial control of mineral-water equilibria--Macroscale to microscale: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 47-62, doi:10.1007/s100400050007.

Bennett, P.C., Melcer, M., Siegel, D.I., and Hassett, J., 1988,

The dissolution and solubility of quartz in dilute aqueous solution of organic acids at 25o C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, p. 1521-1530.

Bennett, P.C., Rogers, J.R., and Hiebert, F.K., 1999,

Microbial weathering of silicates--a strategy for releasing essential nutrients from rocks, in International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry.

Bennett, P.C., Rogers, J.R., Hiebert, F.K., and Choi, W.J., 1999,

Mineralogy and mineral weathering--Fundamental components of subsurface microbial ecology, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 169-176.

Bennett, P.C., and Siegel, D.I., 1989,

Silica-organic complexes and enhanced quartz dissolution in water by organic acids, in Miles, D.L., ed., Water-Rock Interaction--WRI-6--Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Malvern, England, August 3-8, 1989: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 69-72.

Bennett, P.C., and Siegel, D.I., 1987,

Increased solubility of quartz in water by organic compounds: Nature, v. 326, p. 684-687.

Bennett, P.C., Siegel, D.I., Baedecker, M.J., and Hult, M.F., 1993,

Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer--I, Hydrogeology and inorganic geochemistry: Applied Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 6, p. 529-549, doi:10.1016/0883-2927(93)90012-6.

Bennett, P.C., Siegel, D.I., Hill, B., and Glaser, P., 1991,

The fate of silicate minerals in a peat bog: Geology, v. 19, p. 328-331.

Berndt, M.P., 1987,

Metal partitioning in a sand and gravel aquifer contaminated by petroleum: Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University, unpublished M.S. thesis, 57 p.

Berndt, M.P., 1987,

Metal partitioning in aquifer sediments, Bemidji, Minnesota, research site, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. C-17-C-19.

Bjerg, P.L., Albrechtsen, H.J., Kjeldsen, P., Christensen, T.H., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2003,

The groundwater geochemistry of waste disposal facilities (chapter 16), in Lollar, B.S., ed., Treatise on Geochemistry: Elsevier, v. 9 of 10 volumes, p. 579-612, ISBN:9780080437514.

Bodine, M.W., Jr., 1988,

Clay mineralogy of sediments associated with a plume of creosote-contaminated ground water, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. A-9-A-16.

Bodine, M.W., Jr., 1987,

Authigenic nontronitic smectite associated with the creosote waste plume, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. A-11-A-12.

Böhlke, J.K., Smith, R.L., and Miller, D.N., 2006,

Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater--Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies: Water Resources Research, v. 42, W05411, doi:10.1029/2005WR004349.

Böhlke, J.K., Wanty, R., Tuttle, M., Delin, G., and Landon, M., 2002,

Denitrification in the recharge area and discharge area of a transient agricultural nitrate plume in a glacial outwash sand aquifer, Minnesota: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 7, p. 26.

Bradley, P.M., 2003,

History and ecology of chloroethene biodegradation--A review: Bioremediation Journal, v. 7, no. 2, p. 81-109.

Bradley, P.M., 2000,

Microbial degradation of chloroethenes in groundwater systems: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 104-111.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2002,

Microbial mineralization of ethene under sulfate-reducing conditions: Bioremediation Journal, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-8.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2000,

Acetogenic microbial degradation of vinyl chloride: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 13, p. 2761-2763, doi:10.1021/es991371m.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2000,

Aerobic microbial mineralization of dichloroethene as sole carbon substrate: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 221-223, doi:10.1021/es990785c.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2000,

Redox conditions and the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation--Laboratory studies, in Preprints of Extended Abstracts Presented at the 220th ACS National Meeting, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Washington, D.C., August 20-24, 2000: American Chemical Society, v. 40, no. 2, p. 345-347, ISBN:, Fall 2000, Washington, D.C.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 1999,

Methane as a product of chloroethene biodegradation under methanogenic conditions, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 601-606.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 1999,

Methane as a product of chloroethene biodegradation under methanogenic conditions: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 4, p. 653-656, doi:10.1021/es981027+.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 1999,

Response to comment on "Methane as a product of chloroethene biodegradation under methanogenic conditions": Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 13, p. 2304, doi:10.1021/es9920112.

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