Nutrients

Fate and effects of nutrients in the environment

Antweiler, R.C., Goolsby, D.A., and Taylor, H.E., 1996,

Nutrients in the Mississippi River, 1987-92, in Meade, R.H., ed., Contaminants in the Mississippi River: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1133, p. 73-85.

Antweiler, R.C., Patton, C.J., and Taylor, H.E., 1995,

Nutrients, in Moody, J.A., ed., Chemical data for water samples collected during four upriver cruises on the Mississippi River between New Orleans, Louisiana, and Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 1990-April 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-523, p. 89-92.

Antweiler, R.C., Patton, C.J., and Taylor, H.E., 1993,

Automated, colorimetric methods for determination of nitrate plus nitrite, ammonium and orthophosphate ions in nautral water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-638, 40 p.

Antweiler, R.C., Smith, R.L., Voytek, M.A., Böhlke, J.-K., and Dupre, D.H., 2005,

Water-quality data from two agricultural drainage basins in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois--III. Biweekly data, 2000-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1197, 66 p.

Antweiler, R.C., Smith, R.L., Voytek, M.A., and Böhlke, J.K., 2005,

Water-quality data from two agricultural drainage basins in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois--II. Diel data, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1053, 114 p.

Antweiler, R.C., Smith, R.L., Voytek, M.A., Böhlke, J.K., and Richards, K.D., 2005,

Water-quality data from two agricultural drainage basins in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois--I. Lagrangian and synoptic data, 1999-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1317, 206 p.

Bachman, L.J., Krantz, D.E., and Böhlke, J.K., 2002,

Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water geochemistry and assessment of nitrogen yield from base flow in two agricultural watersheds, Kent County, Maryland: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-02/008, 93 p.

Bachman, R.W., Cloern, J.E., Hecky, R.E., and Schindler, D.W., 2006,

Eutrophication of freshwater and marine ecosystems: Limnology and Oceanography, Speical Issue, v. 51, no. 1, part 2, p. 351-800 (Abstract).

Baker, N.T., Stone, W.W., Wilson, J.T., and Meyer, M.T., 2006,

Occurrence and transport of agricultural chemicals in Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5251, 44 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2001,

Concentration of selected sulfonylurea, sulfonamide, and imadazolinone herbicides, other pesticides, and nutrients in 71 streams, 5 reservoir outflows, and 25 wells in the midwestern United States, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4225, 123 p.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999,

Are shifts in herbicide use reflected in concentration changes in midwestern rivers?: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 17, p. 2917-2925, doi:10.1021/es9900149.

Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, D.H., 2001,

Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1285-1300, doi:10.1002/hyp.214.

Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, D.H., 2001,

Isotopic and chemical composition of inorganic and organic water-quality samples from the Mississippi River Basin, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4095, 57 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Goolsby, D.A., and Boyer, L.L., 1997,

Plan of study to determine if the isotopic ratios ?15N and ?18O can reveal the sources of nitrate discharged by the Mississippi River into the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-230, 18 p.

Bencala, K.E., Triska, F.J., Kennedy, V.C., Zellweger, G.W., Duff, J.H., and Avanzino, R.J., 1989,

Exchange between stream and substream flows--Implications for pollutant transport and nutrient cycling through a forested watershed, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 610.

Blevins, D.W., 1991,

Planned studies of movement of nitrogen species and herbicides on claypan soils at the Management Systems Evaluation Area, Missouri, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 240-242.

Blevins, D.W., Wilkison, D.H., Silva, S.R., and Kelly, B.P., 1996,

Use of 15N to trace movement of nitrogen fertilizer at a field plot, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 401-409.

Böhlke, J.K., 2003,

Sources, transport, and reaction of nitrate in ground water, in Lindsey, B.D., and others, ed., Residence times and nitrate transport in ground water discharging to streams in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4035, p. 25-39.

Böhlke, J.K., Harvey, J.W., and Voytek, M.A., 2004,

Reach-scale isotope tracer experiment to quantify denitrification and related processes in a nitrate-rich stream, midcontinent United States: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 49, no. 3, p. 821-838.

Böhlke, J.K., and Krantz, D.E., 2003,

Isotope geochemistry and chronology of offshore ground water beneath Indian River Bay, Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4192, 37 p.

Böhlke, J.K., O'Connell, M.E., and Prestegaard, K.L., 2007,

Ground water stratification and delivery of nitrate to an incised stream under varying flow conditions: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 36, no. 3, p. 664-680, doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0084.

Böhlke, J.K., Smith, R.L., and Hannon, J.E., 2007,

Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N₂O: Analytical Chemistry, v. 79, no. 15, p. 5888-5895, doi:10.1021/ac070176k.

Böhlke, J.K., Smith, R.L., and Miller, D.N., 2006,

Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater--Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies: Water Resources Research, v. 42, W05411, doi:10.1029/2005WR004349.

Böhlke, J.K., Verstraeten, I.M., and Kraemer, T.F., 2007,

Effects of surface-water irrigation on the sources, fluxes, and residence times of water, nitrate, and uranium in an alluvial aquifer: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 1, p. 152-174, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.019.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 1993,

Arsenate inhibition of denitrification in nitrate contaminated sediments: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 25, no. 10, p. 1459-1462, doi:10.1016/0038-0717(93)90062-G.

Bradley, P.M., Chapelle, F.H., Jagucki, M.L., and McMahon, P.B., 1994,

Effect of atrazine on potential denitrification in aquifer sediments: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 26, no. 4, p. 523-524, doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)90186-4.

Bratton, J.F., Böhlke, J.K., Manheim, F.T., and Krantz, D.E., 2004,

Ground water beneath coastal bays of the Delmarva Peninsula--Ages and nutrients: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 7, p. 1021-1034, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02641.x.

Brinton, T.I., Antweiler, R.C., and Taylor, H.E., 1996,

Method for the determination of dissolved chloride, nitrate and sulfate in natural water using ion chromatography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-426-A, 16 p.

Brinton, T.I., Garbarino, J.R., Peart, D.B., Taylor, H.E., and Antweiler, R.C., 1995,

Concentration and transport data for dissolved inorganic constituents in water collected during seven cruises on the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, July 1987 - June 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-524, 102 p.

Brooks, M.H., Smith, R.L., and Garabedian, S.P., 1996,

Small-scale tracer tests applied to the measurement of in situ denitrification rates in a sewage-contaminated aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 243-248.

Brooks, M.H., Smith, R.L., and Macalady, D.L., 1992,

Inhibition of existing denitrification enzyme activity by chloramphenicol: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 58, no. 5, p. 1746-1753.

Burkholder, J., Libra, B., Weyer, P., Heathcote, S., Kolpin, D.W., Thorne, P.S., and Wichman, M., 2007,

Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) on water quality: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 115, no. 2, p. 308-312, doi:10.1289/ehp.8839.

Bussey, K.W., 1998,

Ferrous iron and phosphate for screened-auger samples, in Savoie, J., and LeBlanc, D.R., eds., Water-quality data and methods of analysis for samples collected near a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, Ashumet Valley, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4269, p. 23.

Bussey, K.W., and Walter, D.A., 1996,

Spatial and temporal distribution of specific conductance, boron, and phosphorus in a sewage-contaminated aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-472, 44 p.

CENR, 2000,

Integrated assessment of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico: National Science and Technology Council Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, Washington, D.C., 58 p.

Caffrey, J.M., Cloern, J.E., and Grenz, C., 1998,

Changes in production and respiration during a spring phytoplankton bloom in San Francisco Bay, California, USA--Implications for net ecosystem metabolism: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 172, p. 1-12, doi:10.3354/meps172001.

Caffrey, J.M., and Miller, L.G., 1995,

A comparison of two nitrification inhibitors used to measure nitrification rates in estuarine sediments: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 17, p. 213-219, doi:10.1016/0168-6496(95)00026-7.

Campagnolo, E.R., Johnson, K.R., Karpati, A., Rubing, C.S., Kolpin, D.W., Meyer, M.T., Esteban, J.E., Currier, R.W., Smith, K., Thu, K.M., and McGeehin, M., 2002,

Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 299, no. 1-3, p. 89-95, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00233-4.

Campbell, D.H., Cravotta, C.A., Ging, P., Lind, C.J., Lawrence, G.B., Murdoch, P.S., Silva, S., and Wilkison, D., 1996,

Atmospheric deposition and nitrogen cycling in soils--Use of isotopes for determining sources (Working Groups 3 and 4 summary report), in Puckett, L.J., and Triska, F.J., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Nitrogen Cycling Workshop, Denver, Colorado, October 30 - November 2, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-477, p. 72-77.

Casciotti, K.L., Böhlke, J.K., McIlvin, M.R., Mroczkowski, S.J., and Hannon, J.E., 2007,

Oxygen isotopes in nitrite--Analysis, calibration, and equilibration: Analytical Chemistry, v. 79, no. 6, p. 2427-2436, doi:10.1021/ac061598h.

Casciotti, K.L., Sigman, D.M., Hastings, M., Böhlke, J.K., and Hilkert, A., 2002,

Measurement of the oxygen isotopic composition of nitrate in seawater and freshwater using the denitrifier method: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, p. 4905-4912, doi:10.1021/ac020113w.

Ceazan, M.L., Smith, R.L., and Thurman, E.M., 1989,

Role of ion exchange in the transport of ammonium through a contaminated sand and gravel aquifer, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 642.

Ceazan, M.L., Smith, R.L., and Thurman, E.M., 1988,

Fate of ammonium in a sewage-contaminated ground water, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. B-29-B-30.

Ceazan, M.L., Thurman, E.M., and Smith, R.L., 1989,

Retardation of ammonium and potassium transport through a contaminated sand and gravel aquifer--The role of cation exchange: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 23, no. 11, p. 1402-1408, doi:10.1021/es00069a012.

Ceazan, M.L., Thurman, E.M., and Smith, R.L., 1987,

The role of cation exchange in the transport of ammonium and nitrate in a sewage-contaminated aquifer, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. B-53-B-58.

Chang, C.C., Langston, J., Riggs, M., Campbell, D.H., Silva, S.R., and Kendall, C., 1999,

A method for nitrate collection for ?15N and ?18O analysis from waters with low nitrate concentrations: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 56, p. 1856-1860.

Chang, C.C.Y., Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., Battaglin, W.A., and Campbell, D.H., 2002,

Nitrate stable isotopes--Tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River Basin: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 59, no. 12, p. 1874-1885, doi:10.1139/f02-153.

Chiou, C.T., and Rutherford, D.W., 1996,

Determination of surface area of soil components by sorption of nitrogen and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether vapors and evaluation of adsorption, partition and cation solvation processes, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 375-380.

Clark, G.M., Broshears, R.E., Hooper, R.P., and Goolsby, D.A., 2002,

Evaluating the influence of source basins on downstream water quality in the Mississippi River: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 38, no. 3, p. 803-818.

Cloern, J., Krantz, T., and Duffy, J.E., 2006,

Eutrophication, in Cleveland, C.J., ed., Encyclopedia of Earth: Washington, D.C., Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment (online only).

Cloern, J.E., 2001,

Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 210, p. 223-253, doi:10.3354/meps210223.

Cloern, J.E., Canuel, E.A., and Harris, D., 2002,

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of aquatic and terrestrial plants of the San Francisco Bay estuarine system: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 47, no. 3, p. 713-729.

Cloern, J.E., Jassby, A.D., Thompson, J.K., and Hieb, K.A., 2007,

A cold phase of the east pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 104, no. 47, p. 18561-18565, doi:10.1073/pnas.0706151104.

Cole, B.E., and Cloern, J.E., 1987,

An empirical model for estimating phytoplankton productivity in estuaries: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 36, p. 299-305.

Colman, J.A., Masterson, J.P., Pabich, W.J., and Walter, D.A., 2004,

Effects of aquifer travel time on nitrogen transport to a coastal embayment: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 7, p. 1069-1078, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02644.x.

Coplen, T.B., Böhlke, J.K., and Casciotti, K.L., 2004,

Using dual bacterial denitrification to improve ?¹⁵N determinations of nitrates containing mass independent ¹⁷O: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 18, p. 245-250, doi:10.1002/rcm.1318.

Coplen, T.B., Hopple, J.A., Böhlke, J.K., Peiser, H.S., Rieder, S.E., Krouse, H.R., Rosman, K.J.R., Ding, T., Vocke, R.D., Jr., Revesz, K.M., Lamberty, A., Taylor, P.D.P., and DeBievre, P., 2002,

Compilation of minimum and maximum isotope ratios of selected elements in naturally occurring terrestrial materials and reagents: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4222, 98 p.

Coupe, R.H., Goolsby, D.A., Iverson, J.L., Zaugg, S.D., and Markovchick, D.J., 1995,

Pesticide, nutrient, streamflow and physical property data for the Mississippi River and major tributaries, April 1991-September 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-657, 116 p.

Delin, G.N., Healy, R.W., Landon, M.K., and Böhlke, J.K., 2000,

Effects of topography and soil properties on recharge at two sites in an agricultural field: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1401-1416, AWRA Paper Number 99095, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05735.x.

Demas, C.R., Demcheck, D.K., and Curwick, P.B., 1989,

Occurrence of nutrients, minor elements, and organic compounds in water and bottom material in the lower Calcasieu River, Louisiana, in Demas, C.R., ed., Reconnaissance study of water and bottom material quality in the lower Calcasieu River, Southwestern Louisiana, May 29-30, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4089, Chap. A, p. 1-17.

Detroy, M.G., 1989,

Seasonal variation and vertical distribution and movement of herbicides and nitrate in unsaturated and saturated alluvium underlying a cropped field, Iowa County, Iowa, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 634.

Druliner, A.D., Goolsby, D.A., and Meyer, M., 1996,

Temporal distributions of herbicide and nitrite-nitrate concentrations and loads in the West Fork of the Big Blue River, Nebraska, 1990 and 1991-92, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 479-485.

Druliner, A.D., and McGrath, T.S., 1996,

Predicting nitrate-nitrogen and atrazine contamination in the High Plains aquifer in Nebraska, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 515-524.

Ehrlich, G.G., Schroeder, R.A., and Martin, P., 1987,

Microbial populations and nutrient concentrations in a jet-fuel-contaminated shallow aquifer at Tustin, Calif., in Ragone, S.E., and Sulam, D.J., eds., Program overview and selected papers from the Toxic-Waste Program technical meeting--Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-324, p. 83-96.

Elliott, E.M., Kendall, C., Wankel, S.D., Burns, D.A., Boyer, E.W., Harlin, K., Bain, D.J., and Butler, T.J., 2007,

Nitrogen Isotopes as Indicators of NOx source contributions to atmospheric nitrate deposition across the Midwestern and Northeastern United States: Environmental Science and Technology, doi:10.1021/es070898t S0013-936X(07)00898-X (Advanced Web release).

Garbarino, J.R., Antweiler, R.C., Brinton, T.I., Roth, D.A., and Taylor, H.E., 1995,

Concentration and transport data for selected dissolved inorganic constituents and dissolved organic carbon in water collected from the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, July 1991 - May 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-149, 149 p.

Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 2001,

Long-term changes in concentrations and flux of nitrogen in the Mississippi River basin, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1209-1226, doi:10.1002/hyp.210.

Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 2000,

Nitrogen in the Mississippi Basin--Estimating sources and predicting flux to the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 135-00, 6 p.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Aulenbach, B.T., and Hooper, R.P., 2001,

Nitrogen input to the Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 30, no. 2, p. 329-336.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Aulenbach, B.T., and Hooper, R.P., 2000,

Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 75-86, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00532-X.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Aulenbach, B.T., and Hooper, R.P., 1999,

Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 203-213.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Lawrence, G.B., Artz, R.S., Aulenbach, B.T., Hooper, R.P., Keeney, D.R., and Stensland, G.J., 1999,

Flux and sources of nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin--Topic 3, Report for the integrated assessment on hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 17, 129 p.

Goolsby, D.A., Coupe, R.H., and Markovchick, D.J., 1991,

Distribution of selected herbicides and nitrate in the Mississippi River and its major tributaries, April through June 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4163, 35 p.

Gooseff, M.N., McKnight, D.M., Runkel, R.L., and Duff, J.H., 2004,

Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1884-1895.

Grenz, C., Cloern, J.E., Hager, S.W., and Cole, B.E., 2000,

Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA): Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 197, p. 67-80, doi:10.3354/meps197067.

Griggs, E.M., Kump, L.R., and Böhlke, J.K., 2003,

The fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of the Florida Keys--Key Colony Beach, Florida: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 58, no. 3, p. 517-539, doi:10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00131-8.

Groffman, P.M., Altabet, M.A., Böhlke, J.K., Butterbach-Bahl, K., David, M.B., Firestone, M.K., Giblin, A.E., Kana, T.M., Nielsen, L.P., and Voytek, M.A., 2006,

Methods for measuring denitrification--Diverse approaches to a difficult problem: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2091-2122, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2091:MFMDDA]2.0.CO;2.

Gschwend, P.M., and Reynolds, M.D., 1987,

Monodisperse ferrous phosphate colloids in an anoxic groundwater plume: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 1, no. 3, p. 309-327, doi:10.1016/0169-7722(87)90011-8.

Hagar, S.W., and Schemel, L.E., 1997,

Dissolved nutrient data for the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, January-November 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-359, 50 p.

Hager, S.W., 1994,

Dissolved nutrient and suspended particulate matter data for the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, October 1991 through November 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-471, 53 p.

Hager, S.W., 1994,

Particulate carbon and nitrogen and suspended particulate matter in the Sacramento River at Rio Vista, California, January 3 - May 26, 1983 and October 31, 1983 - November 29, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-470, 35 p.

Hager, S.W., 1993,

Dissolved nutrient and suspended particulate matter data for the San Francisco Bay Esturary, California, October 1988 through September 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-57, 52 p.

Hess, K.M., 1988,

Sewage plume in a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in National Water Summary 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2325, p. 87-92.

Hicks, D.W., McConnell, J.B., and Asmussen, L.E., 1988,

The effect of infiltration and transport mechanisms on nitrate and chloride concentrations beneath a small watershed near Plains, Georgia, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 638.

Hinkle, S.R., Böhlke, J.K., Duff, J.H., Morgan, D.S., and Weick, R.J., 2007,

Aquifer-scale controls on the distribution of nitrate and ammonium in ground water near La Pine, Oregon, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 333, no. 2-4, p. 486-503, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.09.013.

Hinkle, S.R., Duff, J.H., Triska, F.J., Laenen, A., Gates, E.B., Bencala, K.E., Wentz, D.A., and Silva, S.R., 2001,

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Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes--A synthesis: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2064-2090, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2064:DALAWA]2.0.CO;2.

Sheibley, R.W., Duff, J.H., Jackman, A.P., and Triska, F.J., 2003,

Inorganic nitrogen transformations in the bed of the Shingobee River, Minnesota--Integrating hydrologic and biological processes using sediment perfusion cores: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 3, p. 1129-1140.

Sheibley, R.W., Jackman, A.P., Duff, J.H., and Triska, F.J., 2003,

Numerical modeling of coupled nitrification-denitrification in sediment perfusion cores from the hyporheic zone of the Shingobee River, Minnesota: Advances in Water Resources, v. 26, no. 9, p. 977-987, doi:10.1016/S0309-1708(03)00088-5.

Sigman, D.M., Casciotti, K.L., Andreani, M., Barford, C., Galanter, M., and Böhlke, J.K., 2001,

A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 17, p. 4145-4153, doi:10.1021/ac010088e.

Silva, S.R., Kendall, C., Wilkison, D.H., Ziegler, A.C., Chang, C.C., and Avanzino, R.J., 2000,

A new method for collection of nitrate from fresh water and analysis for nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios: Journal of Hydrology, v. 228, p. 22-36.

Smith, L.K., Voytek, M.A., Böhlke, J.K., and Harvey, J.W., 2006,

Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams--Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2191-2207, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2191:DINSAO]2.0.CO;2.

Smith, R.L., 1998,

Dissolved gases, nitrogen species, and sulfate, in Savoie, J., and LeBlanc, D.R., eds., Water-quality data and methods of analysis for samples collected near a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, Ashumet Valley, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4269, p. 22.

Smith, R.L., Baumgartner, L.K., Miller, D.N., Repert, D.A., and Böhlke, J.K., 2006,

Assessment of nitrification potential in ground water using short term, single-well injection experiments: Microbial Ecology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 22-35, doi:10.1007/s00248-004-0159-7.

Smith, R.L., Böhlke, J.K., Garabedian, S.P., Revesz, K.M., and Yoshinari, T., 2004,

Assessing denitrification in groundwater using natural gradient tracer tests with ¹⁵N--In situ measurement of a sequential multistep reaction: Water Resources Research, v. 40, W07101, doi:10.1029/2003WR002919.

Smith, R.L., Buckwalter, S.P., Repert, D.A., and Miller, D.N., 2005,

Small-scale, hydrogen-oxidizing-denitrifying bioreactor for treatment of nitrate-contaminated drinking water: Water Research, v. 39, no. 10, p. 2014-2023, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.024.

Smith, R.L., Ceazan, M.L., and Brooks, M.H., 1994,

Autotrophic, hydrogen-oxidizing, denitrifying bacteria in groundwater--Potential agents for bioremediation of nitrate contamination: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 60, no. 6, p. 1949-1955.

Smith, R.L., and Ceazan, M.R., 1991,

Isolation and characterization of autotrophic, hydrogen-oxidizing, denitrifying bacteria from ground water as potential agents for bioremediation of nitrate contamination, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 123-127.

Smith, R.L., and Duff, J.H., 1988,

Nitrate reduction in a sewage-contaminated aquifer, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. B-27-B-28.

Smith, R.L., and Duff, J.H., 1984,

Preliminary study of denitrification in a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, in LeBlanc, D.R., ed., Movement and fate of solutes in a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste Ground-Water Contamination Program--Papers presented at the toxic waste technical meeting, Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-475, p. 153-173.

Smith, R.L., Garabedian, S.P., and Brooks, M.H., 1996,

Comparison of denitrification activity measurements in ground water using cores and natural gradient tracer tests: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 12, p. 3448-3456, doi:10.1021/es960042g.

Smith, R.L., Howes, B.L., and Duff, J.H., 1991,

Denitrification in nitrate-contaminated ground water--Occurrence in steep vertical geochemical gradients: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 7, p. 1815-1825, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90026-2.

Smith, R.L., Howes, B.L., and Duff, J.H., 1991,

Effects of denitrification on nitrogen geochemistry in a nitrate-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 128-134.

Smith, R.L., Miller, D.N., Brooks, M.H., Widdowson, M.A., and Killingstad, M.W., 2001,

In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 196-203, doi:10.1021/es001360p.

Smith, R.L., Rea Kumler, B.A., Peacock, T.R., and Miller, D.N., 1999,

Evolution of a ground-water sewage plume after removal of the 60-year-long source, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--Inorganic nitrogen species, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 285-291.

Soenksen, P.J., Hatfield, J.L., and Schmitz, D.J., 1996,

Chemical loads of nitrate, atrazine, and metolachlor in Walnut Creek watershed near Ames, Iowa, 1991-92, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 597-605.

Stackelberg, P.E., Kauffman, L.J., Baehr, A.L., and Ayers, M.A., 2000,

Comparison of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in samples from monitoring and public-supply wells, Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4123, 78 p.

Stollenwerk, K.G., 1996,

Potential long-term effects of phosphate contamination in a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 199-205.

Stollenwerk, K.G., 1996,

Simulation of phosphate transport in sewage-contaminated groundwater, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Applied Geochemistry, v. 11, no. 1-2, p. 317-324, doi:10.1016/0883-2927(95)00041-0.

Stollenwerk, K.G., and Parkhurst, D.L., 1999,

Modeling the evolution and natural remediation of a ground-water sewage plume, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 371-381.

Tate, C.M., McKnight, D.M., and Spaulding, S.A., 1991,

Phosphate uptake by algae in a stream contaminated by acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 387-391.

Taylor, H.E., Antweiler, R.C., Brinton, T.I., Roth, D.A., and Moody, J.A., 1994,

Major ions, nutrients and trace elements in the Mississippi River near Thebes, Illinois, July through September, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1120-D, 21 p.

Thorn, K.A., and Mikita, M.A., 2000,

Nitrite fixation by humic substances--Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for potential intermediates in chemodenitrification: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 64, no. 2, p. 568-582.

Thurman, E.M., 1987,

A conceptual chemical process model for sewage contamination of a sand and gravel aquifer, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. B-37-B-42.

Thurman, E.M., Barber, L.B., II, Ceazan, M.L., Smith, R.L., Brooks, M.G., Schroeder, M.P., Keck, A.J., Driscoll, A.J., LeBlanc, D.R., and Nichols, W.J., Jr., 1984,

Sewage contaminants in ground water, in LeBlanc, D.R., ed., Movement and fate of solutes in a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste Ground-Water Contamination Program--Papers presented at the toxic waste technical meeting, Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-475, p. 47-88.

Tindall, J.A., Lull, K.J., and Gaggiani, N.G., 1994,

Effects of land disposal of municipal sewage sludge on fate of nitrates in soil, streambed sediment and water quality: Journal of Hydrology, v. 163, no. 1-2, p. 147-185, doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)90027-2

Tindall, J.A., Petrusak, R.L., and McMahon, P.B., 1995,

Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media: Journal of Hydrology, v. 169, no. 1-4, p. 51-94, doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)02666-Y.

Tobias, C.R., Böhlke, J.K., and Harvey, J.W., 2007,

The oxygen-18 isotope approach for measuring aquatic metabolism in high-productivity waters: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 52, no. 4, p. 1,439-1,453.

Triska, F.J., and Duff, J.H., 1997,

Sediment associated nitrification and denitrification potentials at the interface between a bankside ground water seep and the channel of the Shingobee River, in Winter, T.C., ed., Interdisciplinary research initiative--Hydrological and biogeochemical research in the Shingobee River headwaters area, north-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4215, p. 155-160.

Triska, F.J., Duff, J.H., Warren, E., Godsy, E.M., Jackman, A.P., and Avanzino, R.J., 2006,

High and low flow nitrate distribution and its implications for nitrate retention in Navigation Pool 8, Upper Mississippi River (UMR), and in a high nitrate tributary, the Root River, USA, in Jones, J., ed., XXIX Congress of the International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Lahti, Finland, August 8-14, 2004: Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1,729-1,735, ISBN:978-3-510-54068-6.

Triska, F.J., Kennedy, V.C., Avanzino, R.J., and Stanley, K.C., 1995,

Long-term effects of clearcutting and short-term impacts of storms on inorganic nitrogen uptake and regeneration in a small stream at summer base flow, in Nolan, K.M., Kelsey, H.M., and Marron, D.C., eds., Geomorphic processes and aquatic habitat in the Redwood Creek Basin, northwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1454, p. V1-V13.

Verstraeten, I.M., Böhlke, J.K., Kraemer, T.F., and Cannia, J., 2002,

Use of environmental tracers and isotopes to evaluate sources of water, nitrate, and uranium in an irrigated alluvial valley, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 100-01, 4 p.

Verstraeten, I.M., Steele, G.V., Böhlke, J.K., Kraemer, T.F., Wilson, K.E., and Carnes, A.E., 2001,

Selected field and analytical methods and analytical results in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-413, 53 p.

Wallenstein, M.D., Myrold, D.D., Firestone, M., and Voytek, M., 2006,

Environmental controls on denitrifying communities and denitrification rates--Insights from molecular methods: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2143-2152, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2143:ECODCA]2.0.CO;2.

Walter, D.A., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1997,

Geochemical and hydrologic considerations in remediating phosphorus-contaminated ground water in a sewage plume near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-202, 20 p.

Walter, D.A., LeBlanc, D.R., Stollenwerk, K.G., and Campo, K.W., 1999,

Phosphorus transport in sewage-contaminated ground water, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 305-315.

Walter, D.A., Rea, B.A., Stollenwerk, K.G., and Savoie, J., 1996,

Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2463, 89 p.

Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Stonestrom, D.A., Evans, R.D., Hartsough, P.C., Newman, B.D., and Striegl, R.G., 2004,

Response to comment on "A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils": Science, v. 304, p. 51, doi:10.1126/science.1095033.

Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Stonestrom, D.A., Evans, R.D., Hartsough, P.C., Newman, B.D., and Striegl, R.G., 2003,

A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils: Science, v. 302, no. 5647, p. 1021-1024, doi:10.1126/science.1086435.

Walvoord, M.A., and Striegl, R.G., 2007,

Increased groundwater to stream discharge from permafrost thawing in the Yukon River basin--Potential impacts on lateral export of carbon and nitrogen: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 12, L12402, doi:10.1029/2007GL030216.

Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., Francis, C.A., and Paytan, A., 2006,

Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary--A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 4, p. 1654-1664 (Abstract).

Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., Pennington, J.T., Chavez, F.P., and Paytan, A., 2007,

Nitrification in the euphotic zone as evidenced by nitrate dual isotopic composition--Observations from Monterey Bay, California: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 21, no. 2, GB2009, doi:10.1029/2006GB002723.

Wanty, R.B., Tuttle, M.L., Böhlke, J.K., and Briggs, P.H., 1994,

Chemical analyses of ground and surface water from Battle Brook drainage basin, near Princeton, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-129, 26 p.

Wanty, R.B., Tuttle, M.L., Landon, M.K., Delin, G.N., and Böhlke, J.K., 1996,

Geochemistry of nitrogen in a farmed watershed near Princeton, Minnesota, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 591-596.

Ward, B.B., Eveillard, D., Kirshtein, J.D., Nelson, J.D., Voytek, M.A., and Jackson, G.A., 2007,

Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community composition in estuarine and oceanic environments assessed using a functional gene microarray: Environmental Microbiology, v. 9, no. 10, p. 2522-2538, doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01371.x.

Wilkison, D.H., Blevins, D.W., and Silva, S.R., 2000,

Use of isotopically labeled fertilizer to trace nitrogen fertilizer contributions to surface, soil, and ground water: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 8, no. 6, p. 1-16 (Abstract).

Yen, S., Liu, S., and Kolpin, D.W., 1996,

Analysis of nitrate in near-surface aquifers in the midcontinental United States--An application of the inverse hyperbolic sine Tobit model: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 10, p. 3003-3011, 96WR02102, doi:10.1029/96WR02102.

There are 221 on-line publications in this section of the bibliography. The Toxics Bibliographic Data Base was last updated on 4/30/08.

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