Methods

Research and development of field and laboratory environmental measurement methods

Vengosh, A., Spivak, A.J., Johannesson, K.J., Lyons, W.B., Weaver, T.R., Morgenstern, U., Michel, R.L., and Rabryka-Martin, J., 1999,

?11B, Rare earth elements ?37Cl, 32Si, 35S, 129I, in Cook, P., and Herczeg, A.L., eds., Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology: Boston, Kluver Academic Publishers, p. 479-510.

Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., and Parry, R., 2002,

Accurate mass analysis of ethanesulfonic acid degradates of acetochlor and alachlor using high-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography, v. 957, no. 1, p. 3-9, doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01470-4.

Williams, J.H., and Johnson, C.D., 2004,

Acoustic and optical borehole-wall imaging for fractured-rock aquifer studies: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 151-159, doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2003.06.009.

Leenheer, J.A., Noyes, T.I., and Wershaw, R.L., 1997,

Acquisition and interpretation of liquid-state 1H NMR spectra of humic and fulvic acids, in Nanny, M.A., Minear, R.A., and Leenheer, J.A., eds., Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in environmental chemistry: New York, Oxford University Press, p. 295-303.

Masoner, J.R., and Christenson, S.C., 2007,

Adjustable floating open-water evaporation pan: U.S. Patent No. 7,162,923 B1.

Smith, D.V., and Brown, P.J., 2002,

Advances in directional borehole radar data analysis and visualization, in Koppenjan, S., and Lee, H., eds., Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Santa Barbara, California, April 29-May 2, 2002: The University of California, Santa Barbara and Bechtel Nevada/Special Technologies Laboratory, p. 1-5.

Thurman, E.M., and Snavely, K., 2000,

Advances in solid-phase extraction disks for environmental chemistry: Trends in Analytical Chemistry, v. 19, no. 1, p. 18-26.

Smith, D.V., Wright, D.L., and Abraham, J.D., 2000,

Advances in very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) system data analysis and image processing, in Powers, M.H., Ibrahim, A.B., and Cramer, L., eds., Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP2000), February 20-24, 2000, February 20-24, 2000: Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. 469-475.

Carter, J.L., and Resh, V.H., 2001,

After site selection and before data analysis--sampling, sorting, and laboratory procedures used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring programs by USA state agencies: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 20, no. 4, p. 658-682.

Szabo, Z., Rice, D.E., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Drenkard, s., and Schlosser, P., 1996,

Age-dating of shallow groundwater with chlorofluorocarbons, tritium/helium 3, and flow path analysis, southern New Jersey coastal plain: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 4, p. 1023-1038, 96WR00068, doi:10.1029/96WR00068.

Nimmo, J.R., and Perkins, K.J., 2002,

Aggregate stability and size distribution, in Dane, J.H., and Topp, G.C., eds., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4, Physical Methods: Madison, Wisconsin, Soil Science Society of America, p. 317-328.

Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Burns, S., Blanken, P.D., and Monson, R.K., 2004,

Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain, Part 2--Mesoscale effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 125, p. 187-205, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.04.007.

Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Blanken, P.D., Baugh, W.M., and Monson, R.K., 2003,

Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain. Part 1--Canopy and local effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 119, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00136-9.

Thorn, K.A., Thorne, P.G., and Cox, L.G., 2004,

Alkaline hydrolysis/polymerization of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene--Characterization of products by 13C and 15N NMR: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 7, p. 2224-2231, doi:10.1021/es030655a.

Hostettler, F.D., and Kvenvolden, K.A., 2002,

Alkylcyclohexanes in environmental geochemistry: Environmental Forensics, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 293-301, doi:10.1006/enfo.2002.0100.

Lessoff, S.C., and Konikow, L.F., 1997,

Ambiguity in measuring matrix diffusion with single-well injection/recovery tracer tests: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 1, p. 166-176.

Zimmerman, L.R., Schneider, R.J., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1045-1052, doi:10.1021/jf010779b.

Tiedeman, C.R., and Hsieh, P.A., 1999,

Analysis of an open-hole aquifer test in fractured crystalline rock, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 783-793.

Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M., and Adams, C.D., 1991,

Analysis of atrazine metabolites by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 568-571.

Savoie, J.G., 1999,

Analysis of carbon isotopes, determination of ground-water age, and estimated characteristics of the contaminant source at two fuel-spill plumes, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4112, 21 p.

Rostad, C.E., and Pereira, W.E., 1989,

Analysis of chlorinated organic compounds in estuarine biota and sediments by chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry: Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spectrometry, v. 18, p. 464-470.

Hladik, M.L., and Kuivila, K.M., 2008,

Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 56, no. 7, p. 2310-2314, doi:10.1021/jf703695s.

Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., 2003,

Analysis of emerging contaminants, in Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time of Flight MS--Analysis of Emerging Contaminants (Orlando meeting): American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 2-13.

Liu, S., Lu, J., Kolpin, D.W., and Meeker, W.Q., 1997,

Analysis of environmental data with censored observations: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3358-3362, doi:10.1021/es960695x.

Chalmers, A., Nilles, M.A., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Prestbo, E., 2005,

Analysis of mercury wet-deposition data collected with a newly designed sampler, Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area, 2002-04: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1368, 17 p.

Barber, L.B., Brown, G.K., Writer, J.H., and Zaugg, S.A., 1998,

Analysis of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage effluents using continuous liquid-liquid extraction with derivatization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Proceedings of the American Chemical Society National Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, August 23-27, 1998: v. 38, p. 273-275.

Scribner, E.A., Thurman, E.M., and Zimmerman, L.R., 1999,

Analysis of selected herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water of the United States, in Daniel, B.J., ed., Proceedings of the Twenty-ninth Mississippi Water Resources Conference, Raymond, Mississippi, April 7-8, 1999: Mississippi Water Resources Research Institute, p. 110-119.

Scribner, E.A., Thurman, E.M., and Zimmerman, L.R., 1999,

Analysis of selected herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water of the United States, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 355-365.

Scribner, E.A., Thurman, E.M., and Zimmerman, L.R., 2000,

Analysis of selected herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water of the United States: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 157-167, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00539-2.

Constantz, J.E., Stonestrom, D.A., Stewart, A.E., Niswonger, R.G., and Smith, T.R., 2001,

Analysis of streambed temperatures in ephemeral channels to determine streamflow frequency and duration: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 2, p. 317-328, 2000WR900271, doi:10.1029/2000WR900271.

Lindsey, M.E., Meyer, M.T., and Thurman, E.M., 2001,

Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamide and tetracycline antimicrobials in groundwater and surface water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 19, p. 4640-4646, doi:10.1021/ac010514w.

Aga, D.S., 1995,

Analytical applications of immunoassays in environmental and agricultural chemistry--study of the fate and transport of herbicides: Lawrence, University of Kansas, Department of Chemistry, Ph.D. thesis, 220 p.

Taylor, H.E., and Garbarino, J.R., 1992,

Analytical applications of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, in Montaser, A., and Golightly, D.W., eds., Inductively coupled plasmas in atomic spectrometry (2d ed.): New York, VCH Publishers, p. 651.

Foreman, W.T., Zaugg, S.D., Faires, L.M., Werner, M.G., Leiker, T.J., and Rogerson, P.F., 1992,

Analytical interferences of mercuric chloride preservative in environmental water samples--Determination of organic compounds isolated by continuous liquid-extraction or closed-loop stripping: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1307-1312, doi:10.1021/es00031a004.

Taylor, H.E., 1987,

Analytical methodology for the measurement of the chemical composition of snow cores from the Cascade/Sierra Nevada Mountain Ranges, in Averett, R.C., and McKnight, D.M., eds., Chemical quality of water and the hydrologic cycle: Chelsea, Mich., Lewis Publishers, Inc., p. 55-69.

Kammer, J.A., and Gibs, J., 1989,

An analytical technique for screening purgeable volatile organic compounds in water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-53, 13 p.

Barber, L.B., II, Lewis, J.A., Schroeder, M.P., and Gibs, J., 1989,

Applicability of conventional methods for analysis of trace-level organic contaminants in natural waters, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 613.

Hatzinger, P.B., Palmer, P., Smith, R.L., Penarrieta, C.T., and Yoshinari, T., 2003,

Applicability of tetrazolium salts for measurement of respiratory activity and viability of groundwater bacteria: Journal of Microbiological Methods, v. 52, no. 1, p. 47-58, doi:10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00132-X.

Lane, J.W., Jr., Williams, J.H., Johnson, C.D., Sr. Savino, D.-M., and Haeni, F.P., 2001,

Application of a geophysical "tool-box" approach to characterization of fractured-rock aquifers--a case study from Norwalk, Connecticut, in Symposium of the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Denver, Colorado, March 4-7, 2001: Wheat Ridge, Colo., Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. CD-ROM.

Kuwabara, J.S., and Harvey, R.W., 1990,

Application of a hollow-fiber, tangential-flow device for sampling suspended bacteria and particles from natural waters: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 19, no. 3, p. 625-629.

Placzek, G., Lane, J.W., Jr., and Coutu, G., 1996,

Application of adaptive noise-cancelling methods to ground-penetrating radar data, in 7th International Conference on Signal Processing Applications and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, October 7-10, 1996: San Francisco, Calif., Miller Freeman Inc., p. 958-962.

Williams, J.H., Lane, J.W., Jr., Singha, K., and Haeni, F.P., 2002,

Application of advanced geophysical logging methods in the characterization of a fractured-sedimentary bedrock aquifer, Vertura County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4083, 28 p.

Vernon, J.H., Paillet, F.L., Pedler, W.H., and Griswold, W.J., 1993,

Application of borehole geophysics in defining the wellhead protection area for a fractured crystalline bedrock aquifer: The Log Analyst, v. 34, no. 1, p. 41-57.

Paillet, F.L., 1993,

Application of borehole geophysics in the characterization of flow in fractured rocks--Trends in geophysical research: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4214, 36 p.

Grégoire, C., Lane, J.W., Jr., and Joesten, P.K., 2004,

Application of borehole radar for monitoring stream-enhanced remediation of a contaminated site in fractured limestone, Maine, USA, in Hack, R., Azzam, R., and Charlier, R., eds., Engineering Geology for Infrastructure Planning in Europe--a European Perspective, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences: Berlin, Germany, Springer-Verlag, p. 385-392.

Joesten, P.K., Lane, J.W., Jr., Savoie, J.G., and Versteeg, R.J., 2001,

Application of borehole-radar methods to image two permeable reactive-iron walls at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Denver, Colorado, March 4-7, 2001: Wheat Ridge, Colo., Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. CD-ROM.

Lane, J.W., Jr., Day-Lewis, F.D., Versteeg, R.J., Casey, C.C., and Joesten, P.K., 2004,

Application of cross-borehole radar to monitor field-scale vegetable oil injection experiments for biostimulation, in Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP 2004), Colorado Springs, Colorado, February 22-26, 2004: Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. CD-ROM, 20 p.

Johnson, C.D., Lane, J.W., Jr., Williams, J.H., and Haeni, F.P., 2001,

Application of geophysical methods to delineate contamination in fractured rock at the University of Connecticut landfill, Storrs, Connecticut, in Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Denver, Colorado, March 4-7, 2001: Wheat Ridge, Colo., Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. CD-ROM.

Mills, M.S., Thurman, E.M., and Pedersen, M.J., 1993,

Application of mixed-mode, solid-phase extraction in environmental and clinical chemistry--Combining hydrogen-bonding, cation-exchange and Van der Waals interactions: Journal of Chromatography, v. 629, p. 11-21.

Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1995,

Application of solid-phase extraction (SPE) for ultratrace analysis of herbicides in water and soil by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in Kurtz, D.A., Skerritt, J.H., and Stanker, L., eds., Agrochemical Immunoanalysis-93: Arlington, Va., AOAC International, p. 317.

Feltz, H.R., Lewis, J.A., and Cardinali, F.L., 1988,

Application of the gas chromatographic/flame ionization detector analysis, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. F-1-F-15.

Rudolph, D.L., and Ferre, P., 1995,

Application of time-domain reflectrometry techniques to field-scale tracer testing in unsaturated sediments, in Gambolati, G., and Verri, G., eds., Advanced Methods for Groundwater Pollution Control, proceedings of the international symposium, Udine, Italy, May 5-6, 1994: Springer Verlag, International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, v. 364, p. 217-234.

Babiarz, C.L., Hurley, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Gilmour, C., and Branfireun, B.A., 2003,

Application of ultrafiltration and stable isotopic amendments to field studies of mercury partitioning to filterable carbon in lake water and overland runoff: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 304, no. 1-3, p. 295-303, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00576-4.

Shuter, E., and Teasdale, W.E., 1986,

Applications of drilling, coring and sampling techniques to test holes and wells: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 2, sec. F, chap. 1, 97 p.

Kendall, C., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 1995,

Applications of isotopes to tracing sources of solutes and water in shallow systems, in Charbeneau, R.J., ed., Groundwater Management, Proceedings of the International Symposium, San Antonio, Texas, August 1995: American Association of Civil Engineers, p. 390-395.

Kendall, C., Reddy, M.M., Schuster, P.F., and Evans, W.C., 1997,

Applications of stable isotopes in the Shingobee River Headquarters area, in Winter, T.C., ed., Hydrological and biogeochemical research in the Shingobee River Headquarters area, North-Central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4215, p. 63-69.

Drenkard, S., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Schlosser, P., Stute, M., and Dorr, H., 1995,

Applications of the transient tracers tritium/helium-3, and chlorofluorocarbons for tracing and age-dating yound ground water--Field examples from the USA and Germany, in van den Brink, W.J., Bosman, R., and Arendt, F., eds., Contaminated Soil '95: The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 195-196.

Day-Lewis, F.D., Singha, K., and Binley, A., 2005,

Applying petrophysical models to radar travel time and electrical resistivity tomograms--Resolution-dependent limitations: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 110, no. B08206, p. 17, B08206, doi:10.1029/2004JB003569.

Hickey, J.J., 1989,

An approach to the field study of hydraulic gradients in variable-salinity ground water: Ground Water, v. 27, no. 4, p. 531-539.

Plummer, L.N., Böhlke, J.K., and Busenberg, E., 2003,

Approaches for ground-water dating, in Lindsey, B.D., and others, ed., Residence times and nitrate transport in ground water discharging to streams of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4035, p. 12-24.

Winter, T.C., 1985,

Approaches to the study of lake hydrology, in Likens, G.E., ed., An ecosystem approach to aquatic ecology, Mirror Lake and its environment: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 128-135.

Verplanck, P.L., Taylor, H.E., Nordstrom, D.K., and Barber, L.B., 2005,

Aqueous stability of gadolinium in surface waters receiving sewage treatment plant effluent, Boulder Creek, Colorado: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 39, no. 18, p. 6923-6929, doi:10.1021/es048456u.

Perkins, K.S., 2005,

Aquifer recharge estimates based on unsaturated zone measurements, southern New Jersey: San Jose State University, M.S. thesis, 87 p.

Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2004,

Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution - combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors: Journal of Hydrology, v. 293, no. 1-4, p. 191-204, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013.

Tiedeman, C.R., and Hsieh, P.A., 2001,

Assessing an open-well aquifer test in fractured crystalline rock: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 1, p. 68-78, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb00352.x.

Juracek, K.E., and Thurman, E.M., 1997,

Assessing aquifer contamination risk using immunoassay--Tracer analysis of atrazine in unsaturated zone sediment: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 26, p. 1080-1089.

Focazio, M.J., Reilly, T.E., Rupert, M.G., and Helsel, D.R., 2002,

Assessing ground-water vulnerability to contamination--Providing scientifically defensible information for decision makers: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1224, 33 p.

Eganhouse, R.P., and Pontolillo, J., 2002,

Assessing the reliability of physico-chemical property data (Kow, Sw) for hydrophobic organic compounds--DDT and DDE as a case study: SETAC Globe (Learned Discourses), v. 3, no. 4 (July-August), p. 34-35.

Day-Lewis, F.D., and Lane Jr., J.W., 2004,

Assessing the resolution-dependent utility of tomograms for geostatistics: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 7, p. 4, L07503, doi:10.1029/2004GL019617.

Aiken, G.R., Kaplan, L.A., and Weishaar, J., 2002,

Assessment of relative accuracy in the determination of organic matter concentrations in aquatic systems: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, v. 4, p. 70-74, doi:10.1039/b107322m.

Taylor, H.E., and Garbarino, J.R., 1988,

Assessment of the analytical capabilities of inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer: Journal of Research National Bureau of Standards, v. 93, p. 433.

Karlinger, M.R., and Troutman, B.M., 1985,

Assessment of the instantaneous unit hydrograph derived from the theory of topologically random networks: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1693-1702, 5W4093, doi:10.1029/WR021i011p01693.

Liu, S., Yen, S., and Kolpin, D.W., 1996,

Atrazine concentrations in near-surface aquifers--A censored regression approach: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 25, no. 5, p. 992-999.

Lane, J.W., Day-Lewis, F.D., Harris, J.M., Haeni, F.P., and Gorelick, S.M., 2000,

Attenuation-difference radar tomography--results of a multiple-plane experiment at the U.S. Geological Survey fractured-rock research site, Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, in Noon, D.A., Stickley, G.F., and Longstaff, D., ed., GPR 2000, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Gold Coast, Australia, May 23-26, 2000: Queensland, Australia, University of Queensland, p. 666-675.

Majure, J.J., and Eash, D.A., 1991,

An automated method to quantify physical basin characteristics, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 558-561.

Hornecker, M.M., 1999,

Automated soil moisture observations and infiltration modeling at the closed Norman, Oklahoma Landfill: Norman, University of Oklahoma, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, unpublished Masters thesis, 165 p.

Antweiler, R.C., Patton, C.J., and Taylor, H.E., 1993,

Automated, colorimetric methods for determination of nitrate plus nitrite, ammonium and orthophosphate ions in nautral water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-638, 40 p.

Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1993,

Automated-solid phase extraction of herbicides from water for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis: Journal of Chromatography, v. 629, p. 55-59.

Sigman, D.M., Casciotti, K.L., Andreani, M., Barford, C., Galanter, M., and Böhlke, J.K., 2001,

A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 17, p. 4145-4153, doi:10.1021/ac010088e.

Moulton, C.W., Wright, D.L., Hutton, R.S., Smith, D.V., and abraham, J.D., 2002,

Basalt-flow imaging using a high-resolution directional borehole radar, in Koppenjan, S., and Lee, H., eds., Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Santa Barbara, California, April 29-May 2, 2002: The University of California, Santa Barbara and Bechtel Nevada/Special Technologies Laboratory, p. 1-6.

Gibs, J., Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Turner, K., 1990,

Bibliography on sampling ground water for organic compounds: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-564, 22 p.

Haitzer, M., Aiken, G.R., and Ryan, J.N., 2002,

Binding of mercury (II) to aquatic humic substances--The role of the mercury-to-DOM concentration ratio: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 36, no. 16, p. 3564-3570, doi:10.1021/es025699i.

National Research Council, 2003,

Bioavailability of contaminants in soils and sediments--processes, tools, and applications: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, 420 p.

Weiss, J.V., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2008,

Biodegradation in contaminated aquifers--Incorporating microbial/molecular methods: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 2, p. 305-322, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00409.x.

Rhea, D.T., Harper, D.D., Farag, A.M., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2006,

Biomonitoring in the Boulder River watershed, Montana, USA--Metal concentrations in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and relations with macroinvertebrate assemblage: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 115, no. 1-3, p. 381-393, doi:10.1007/s10661-006-7086-7.

Rostad, C.E., Pereira, W.E., and Ratcliff, S.M., 1985,

Bonded-phase extraction column isolation of organic compounds in ground water at a hazardous waste site: Analytical Chemistry, v. 56, no. 14, p. 2856-2860.

Wright, D.L., and Nelson, P.H., 1993,

Borehole dielectric logging for environmental applications--A review and a time-domain laboratory experiment, in Hallenburg, J.K., ed., Transactions of the 5th Annual Symposium, Minerals and Geotechnical Logging Society, Tulsa, Oklahoma, October 24-28, 1993: Tulsa, Okla., The Minerals and Geotechnical Logging Society, The Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, p. T1- T23.

Shapiro, A.M., Lane, J.W., Jr, and Olimpio, J.R., 1999,

Borehole packers for in situ geophysical and microbial investigations in fractured rock, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 841-845.

Wright, D.L., Abraham, J.D., Ellefsen, K.J., and Rossabi, J., 1998,

Borehole radar tomography and dielectric logging at the Savannah River site, in Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Ground-Penetrating Radar, Lawrence, Kansas, May 27-30, 1998: University of Kansas, Radar systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory, p. 539-544.

Lane, J.W., Jr., Wright, D.L., and Haeni, F.P., 1999,

Borehole radar tomography using saline tracer injections to image fluid flow in fractured rock, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 747-756.

Singha, K., Kimball, K., and Lane, J.W., 2000,

Borehole-radar methods--Tools for characterization of fractured rock: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-054-00, 4 p.

Hsieh, P.A., 2000,

A brief survey of hydraulic tests in fractured rocks, in Faybishenko, B., Witherspoon, P.A., and Benson, S.M., eds., American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 122: Washington, D.C., p. 59-66.

Talma, A.S., Weaver, J.M.C., Plummer, L.N., and Busenberg, E., 2000,

CFC tracing of groundwater in fractured rock aided with 14C and 3H to identify water mixing, in Sililo, O., ed., Groundwater--Past achievements and future challenges: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 635-640.

Goode, D.J., Busenberg, E., Plummer, L.N., Shapiro, A.M., and Vroblesky, D.A., 1999,

CFC's in the unsaturated zone and in shallow ground water at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 809-820.

Plummer, L.N., and Busenberg, E., 1993,

CFC's--Tools for age-dating and tracing shallow ground water, in U.S. Geological Survey Yearbook, Fiscal Year 1992, p. 45-47.

Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., and Han, L.F., 2006,

CFCs in binary mixtures of young and old groundwater (chapter 5), in IAEA, ed., Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 59-72.

Thorstenson, D.C., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2002,

Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for implementation in geochemical models: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4172, 129 p.

Nimmo, J.R., and Mello, K.A., 1991,

Centrifugal techniques for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 6, p. 1263-1269, 91WR00367, doi:10.1029/91WR00367.

Humes, K.S., Kustas, W.P., Keefer, T.O., Goodrich, D.C., and Stannard, D.I., 1993,

Chapter XI. Ground-based optical remote sensing measurements, in Jackson, T.J., and Schiebe, F.R., eds., Hydrology Data Report--Washita '92: Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Water Quality Laboratory Report 93-1, p. XI1-XI3.

Rostad, C.E., Leenheer, J.A., Katz, B.G., Martin, B.S., and Noyes, T.I., 2000,

Characterization and disinfection by-product formation potential of natural organic matter in surface and ground waters from northern Florida, Chapter 11, in Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By-products--Characterization and control in drinking water: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 761, p. 154-172.

Tiedeman, C.R., Hsieh, P.A., and Christian, S.B., 1995,

Characterization of a high-transmissivity zone by well test analysis--Steady state case: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 1, p. 27-37, 94WR01965, doi:10.1029/94WR01965.

Barber, L.B., 2003,

Characterization of dissolved organic matter by concentration, fractionation, and molecular weight determination (Chapter 8), in Schroeder, R.A., ed., Water-quality changes and organic-carbon characterization during recharge with recycled water at a research basin in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles, California, 1991-1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4146, p. 78-88.

Leenheer, J.A., and Noyes, T.I., 2003,

Characterization of dissolved organic matter by infrared and ultraviolet/visible spectrometry (Chapter 9), in Schroeder, R.A., ed., Water-quality changes and organic-carbon characterization during recharge with recycled water at a research basin in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles, California, 1991-1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4146, p. 89-101.

Thorn, K.A., and Younger, S.J., 2003,

Characterization of dissolved organic matter by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (Chapter 10), in Schroeder, R.A., ed., Water-Quality Changes and Organic-Carbon Characterization During Recharge with Recycled Water at a Research Basin in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4146, p. 102-108.

Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane Jr., J.W., Hsieh, P.A., and Gorelick, S.M., 2001,

Characterization of fractured-rock aquifers using radar, tracer, and hydraulic data, in Fractured Rock 2001 Conference, Proceedings, Toronto, Ontario, March 26-28, 2001: CD-ROM.

Lind, C.J., 1983,

Characterization of mineral precipitates by electron microscope photographs and electron diffraction patterns: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2204, 18 p.

Leenheer, J.A., 1997,

Characterization of natural organic matter by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in Nanny, M.A., Minear, R.A., and Leenheer, J.A., eds., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environmental Chemistry: New York, Oxford University Press, p. 213-220.

Thorn, K.A., and Aiken, G.R., 1989,

Characterization of nonvolatile organic acids resulting from the biodegradation of crude oil by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 41-51.

Reddy, M.M., Schuster, P., Kendall, C., and Reddy, M.B., 2006,

Characterization of surface and ground-water ?¹⁸O seasonal variation and its use for estimating groundwater residence times: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 8, p. 1753-1772, doi:10.1002/hyp.5953.

Shapiro, S.D., LeBlanc, Denis, Schlosser, Peter, and Ludin, Andrea, 1999,

Characterizing a sewage plume using the 3H-3He dating: Ground Water, v. 37, no. 6, p. 861-878.

Leenheer, J.A., and Croué, J.-P., 2003,

Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 37, no. 1, p. 18A-25A.

Croteau, M.-N., and Luoma, S.N., 2007,

Characterizing dissolved Cu and Cd uptake in terms of the biotic ligand and biodynamics using enriched stable isotopes: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. 9, p. 3140-3145, doi:10.1021/es0615122.

Buursink, M.L., and Lane, J.W., Jr, 1999,

Characterizing fractures in a bedrock outcrop using ground-penetrating radar at Mirror Lake, Grafton County, New Hampshire, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 769-776.

Shapiro, A.M., 2001,

Characterizing ground-water chemistry and hydraulic properties of fractured-rock aquifers using the multifunction bedrock-aquifer transportable testing tool (BAT3): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-075-01, 4 p.

Hsieh, P.A., 1987,

Characterizing the hydraulic properties of fractured rock masses--Methodology and case studies, in Farmer, I.W., and others, eds., Rocks Mechanics--Proceedings of the 28th U.S. Symposium, Tucson, Arizona, June 29 - July 1, 1987: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 465-472.

Leenheer, J.A., Furlong, E.T., Ferrer, I., and Rostad, C.E., 2003,

Charge characteristics and fragmentation of polycarboxylic acids by electrospray ionization/multistate tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS), in Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time of Flight MS--Analysis of Emerging Contaminants (Orlando meeting): American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 312-324.

Ellefsen, K.J., 2000,

check_picks_x -- A program for checking the travel time picks of crosswell seismic and radar data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-109.

Wood, W.W., and Sanford, W.E., 1995,

Chemical and isotopic methods for quantifying ground-water recharge in a regional, semi-arid environment: Ground Water, v. 33, no. 3, p. 458-468.

Barber, L.B., Murphy, S.F., Verplanck, P.L., Sandstrom, M.W., Taylor, H.E., and Furlong, E.T., 2006,

Chemical loading into surface water along a hydrological, biogeochemical, and land use gradient--A holistic watershed approach: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 475-486, doi:10.1021/es051270q.

Aiken, G.R., 1992,

Chloride interference in the analysis of dissolved organic carbon by the wet oxidation method: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2435-2439 (Scroll down pdf for abstract), doi:10.1021/es00036a015.

Fouty, S., 1989,

Chloride mass-balance as a method for determining long-term ground-water recharge rates and geomorphic surface stability in arid and semi-arid regions--Whiskey Flat and Beatty, Nevada: Tucson, University of Arizona, unpublished M.S. thesis, 130 p.

Bazuhair, A.S., and Wood, W.W., 1996,

Chloride mass-balance method for estimating ground-water recharge in arid areas--Examples from western Saudi Arabia: Journal of Hydrology, v. 186, p. 153-159, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03028-4.

Vroblesky, D.A., Nietch, C.T., and Morris, J.T., 1999,

Chlorinated ethenes from ground water in tree trunks, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 607-614.

Dunkle, S.A., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Phillips, P.J., Denver, J.M., Hamilton, P.A., Michel, R.L., and Coplen, T.B., 1993,

Chlorofluorocarbons (CC13F and CC12F2) as age-dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow ground water of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA: Water Resources Research, v. 29, p. 3837-3860.

Plummer, L.N., and Busenberg, E., 1996,

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as tracers and age-dating tools for young ground water--Selected field examples, in Stevens, P.R., and Nichols, T.J., eds., Joint U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Workshop on Research Related to Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal, May 4-6, 1993, Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4045, p. 65-71.

Plummer, L.N., and Busenberg, E., 2006,

Chlorofluorocarbons in aquatic environments (chapter 1), in IAEA, ed., Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 1-8.

Plummer, L.N., and Busenberg, E., 2006,

Chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere (chapter 2), in IAEA, ed., Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 9-16.

Plummer, L.N., and Busenberg, E., 1999,

Chlorofluorocarbons, in Cook, P., and Herczeg, A., eds., Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology, chapter 15: Kluwer Academic Press, p. 441-478.

Busenberg, E., and Plummer, L.N., 1991,

Chloroflurocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2)--Use as an age-dating tool and hydrologic tracer in shallow ground-water streams, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 542-547.

Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., and Barcelo, D., 2001,

Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 22, p. 5441-5449, doi:10.1021/ac010506f.

Barber, L.B., II, Thurman, E.M., and Schroeder, M.P., 1984,

Closed-loop stripping combined with capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis to define a semi-volatile organic contaminant plume, in LeBlanc, D.R., ed., Movement and fate of solutes in a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste Ground-Water Contamination Program--Papers presented at the toxic waste technical meeting, Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-475, p. 89-114.

Kammer, J.A., and Smith, J.A., 1989,

Collection and analysis of unsaturated-zone soil gas for volatile organic compounds, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 617-623.

Goerlitz, D.F., 1984,

A column technique for determining sorption of organic solutes on the lithological structure of aquifers: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 261-268, doi:10.1007/BF01607462.

Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane, J.W., Jr., and Goerlick, S.M., 2004,

Combined interpretation of radar, hydraulic and tracer data from a fractured-rock aquifer near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 14, no. 1-2, p. 1-14, doi:10.1007/s10040-004-0372-y.

Green, A., Lane, J.W., Jr., Johnson, C.D., Williams, J.H., Mondazzi, R.A., and Joesten, P.K., 2004,

Combined use of borehole geophysics and packers to site potable wells in a contaminated area, in U.S. EPA/NGWA Fractured Rock Conference--State of the Science and Measuring Success in Remediation, Portland, Maine, September 13-15, 2004: National Ground Water Association.

Moench, A., and Hsieh, P., 1985,

Comment on "Evaluation of Slug Tests in Wells Containing a Finite-Thickness Skin" by C. R. Faust and J. W. Mercer: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 9, p. 1459-1461, 5W0449, doi:10.1029/WR021i009p01459.

Shiller, A.M., and Taylor, H.E., 1996,

Comment on "Problems associated with using filtration to define dissolved trace element concentrations in natural water samples": Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 11, p. 3397-3398, doi:10.1021/es960387z.

Vivit, D.V., Thorn, K.A., and Hem, J.D., 1993,

Comparative results of 27Al NMR spectrometric and ferron colorimetric analyses of hydroxyaluminum hydrolysis products in mildly acidic aqueous systems, in Preprints of papers presented at the 205th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Denver, Colo., March 28-April 2, 1993: Washingtion, D.C., American Chemical Society, v. 33, no. 1, p. 148-151.

Sonntag, W.H., 1987,

Comparative test of two sampling devices for obtaining purgeable organic compounds from ground-water wells, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. E-7-E-9.

Rosenberry, D.O., Winter, T.C., Buso, D.C., and Likens, G.E., 2007,

Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain lake in the northeastern USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 340, no. 3-4, p. 149-166, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.018.

Fogarty, L.R., and Voytek, M.A., 2005,

Comparison of Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for fecal samples from different animal species: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 71, no. 10, p. 5999-6007, doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.5999-6007.2005.

Alvarez, D.A., Stackelberg, P.E., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., and Meyer, M.T., 2005,

Comparison of a novel passive sampler to standard water-column sampling for organic contaminants associated with wastewater effluents entering a New Jersey stream: Chemosphere, v. 61, no. 5, p. 610-622, doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.023.

Phinney, C.S., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1992,

A comparison of analytical techniques for measurement of volatile hydrocarbons in ground water, in Proceedings of the 40th American Society of Mass Spectrometry Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Washington, D.C., May 31-June 5, 1992: American Society of Mass Spectrometry, p. 659-660.

Revesz, K., and Böhlke, J.K., 2002,

Comparison of d18O measurements in nitrate by different combustion techniques: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, p. 5410-5413, doi:10.1021/ac025854b.

Imbrigiotta, T.E., Ehlke, T.A., and Lacombe, P.J., 2002,

Comparison of dialysis membrane diffusion samplers and two purging methods in bedrock wells, in Gavaskar, A.R., and Chen, A.S.C., eds., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, Calif., May 20-23, 2002: Columbus, Ohio, Battelle Press (CD), (Contact The Conference Group Inc. for information on the availability of the proceedings.).

Archfield, S.A., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2005,

Comparison of diffusion- and pumped-sampling methods to monitor volatile organic compounds in ground water, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, July 1999-December 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5010, 53 p.

Rosen, M.E., Pankow, J.F., Gibs, J., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1992,

Comparison of downhole and surface sampling for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 12, no. 1, p. 126-133.

Bastian, K.C., Thurman, E.M., and Rebich, R.A., 1998,

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunoassay with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for analysis of the cotton herbicide fluometuron, in 28th Mississippi Water Resources Conference, Proceedings, Raymond, Mississippi, April 7-8, 1998: Starkville, Miss., Mississippi State University, p. 45-55.

Schraer, S.M., Shaw, D.R., Boyette, M., Coupe, R.H., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography procedures for the detection of cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 48, p. 5881-5886.

Meyer, M.T., Scribner, E.A., and Kalkhoff, S.J., 2007,

Comparison of fate and transport of isoxaflutole to atrazine and metolachlor in 10 Iowa rivers: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. 20, p. 6933-6939, doi:10.1021/es070903t.

Paillet, F.L., and Allen, B.S., 1995,

Comparison of flowmeter estimates of fracture zone permeability with the results of conventional straddle packer injection tests, in International Symposium of the Minerals and Geotechnical Logging Society (6th), Santa Fe, New Mexico: p. Y1-Y23.

Smith, J.A., Cho, H.J., Jaffe, P.R., MacLeod, C.L., and Koehnlein, S.A., 1991,

Comparison of four methods for sampling and analyzing unsaturated-zone water for trichloroethene at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 708-712.

Paillet, F.L., Cheng, C.H., Hess, A.E., and Hardin, E.L., 1986,

Comparison of fractured permeability estimates based on tube-wave generation invertical seismic profiles, acoustic waveform-log attenuation, and pumping-test analysis, in Proceedings of the Surface and Borehole Geophysical Methods and Ground Water Instumentation Conference and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, October 15-17, 1986: Dublin, Ohio, National Water Well Association, p. 398-416.

Constantz, J., Cox, M.H., and Su, G.W., 2003,

Comparison of heat and bromide as ground-water tracers near streams: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 5, p. 647-656, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02403.x.

Hejzlar, J., Szpakowska, B., and Wershaw, R.L., 1994,

Comparison of humic substances isolated from peatbog water by sorption on DEAE-cellulose and amberlite XAD-2: Water Research, v. 28, p. 1961-1970.

Curtis, G.P., Fox, P., Kohler, M., and Davis, J.A., 2004,

Comparison of in situ uranium K _D values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, p. 1643-1653, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004.

Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Hooper, R.C., 1989,

A comparison of instrumental dewatering methods for the separation and concentration of suspended sediments, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Ariz., September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 495-500.

Simon, N.S., Hatcher, S.A., and Demas, C.R., 1992,

Comparison of methods for the removal of organic carbon and extraction of chromium, iron, and manganese, from an estuarine sediment standard and sediment from the Calcasieu River and estuary, Louisiana: Chemical Geology, v. 100, p. 175-189.

Thomas, C.L., Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J., 1999,

Comparison of methods to determine infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico, in Bartolino, J.R., ed., U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-203, p. 75-76.

Cox, M., Rosenberry, D., Su, G., Conlon, T., Lee, K., and Constantz, J., 2002,

Comparison of methods to estimate streambed seepage rates, in Kenny, J.F., ed., Ground Water/Surface Water Interactions, AWRA 2002 Summer Specialty Conference Proceedings, Keystone, Colorado, July 1-3, 2002: American Water Resources Association, p. 519-523.

Pomes, M.L., Thurman, E.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1991,

Comparison of microtitre-plate, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for analysis of herbicides in storm runoff samples, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 572-575.

Barber, L.B., II, Thurman, E.M., Takahashi, Y., and Noriega, M.C., 1992,

Comparison of purge and trap GC/MS and purgeable organic chloride analysis for monitoring volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons: Ground Water, v. 30, no. 6, p. 836-848, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01565.x.

Thurman, E.M., and Ferrer, I., 2003,

Comparison of quadrupole-time-of-flight, triple quadrupole, and ion-trap mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry for the analysis of emerging contaminants, in Thurman, E.M., and Ferrer, I., eds., Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/ MS/MS and Time of Flight MS--Analysis of Emerging Contaminants (Orlando, Fla. meeting): American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 14-31.

Ball, J.W., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1994,

A comparison of simultaneous plasma, atomic absorption, and iron colormetric techniques for the determination of major and trace constituents in acid mine waters: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4122, 151 p.

Maurice, P.A., Pullin, M.J., Cabaniss, S.E., Shou, Q., Namjesnik-Dejanovic, K., and Aiken, G.R., 2002,

A comparison of surface water natural organic matter in raw filtered water samples, XAD, and reverse osmosis isolates: Water Research, v. 36, no. 9, p. 2357-2371, doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00442-0.

Han, L.F., Gröning, M., Plummer, L.N., and Solomon, D.K., 2006,

Comparison of the CFC technique with other techniques (3H, 3H/3He, 85Kr) (chapter 11), in IAEA, ed., Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 191-198.

Phinney, C.S., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1996,

A comparison of two analytical techniques for identifying and measuring the concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons in ground water, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 65-69.

Luoma, S.N., 1986,

A comparison of two methods for determining copper partitioning in oxidized sediments: Marine Chemistry, v. 20, no. 1, p. 45-59.

Gibs, J., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1989,

Comparison of well-purging criteria for sampling purgeable organic compounds, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 495-500.

Nelson, S.J., Johnson, K.B., Weathers, K.C., Loftin, C.S., Fernandez, I.J., Kahl, J.S., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2008,

A comparison of winter mercury accumulation at forested and no-canopy sites measured with different snow sampling techniques: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 3, p. 384-398, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.009.

Coplen, T.B., Hopple, J.A., Böhlke, J.K., Peiser, H.S., Rieder, S.E., Krouse, H.R., Rosman, K.J.R., Ding, T., Vocke, R.D., Jr., Revesz, K.M., Lamberty, A., Taylor, P.D.P., and DeBievre, P., 2002,

Compilation of minimum and maximum isotope ratios of selected elements in naturally occurring terrestrial materials and reagents: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4222, 98 p.

Leenheer, J.A., Croue, J.P., Benjamin, M., Korshin, G.V., Hwang, C.J., Bruchet, A., and Aiken, G.R., 2000,

Comprehensive isolation of organic matter from water for spectral characterizations and reactivity testing, in Barrett, S.S., Krasner, S.W., and Amy, G.L., eds., Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By-products, Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society Symposium Series no. 761, p. 68-83.

Heppner, C.S., and Nimmo, J.R., 2005,

A computer program for predicting recharge with a master recession curve: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5172, 8 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2001,

Concentration of selected sulfonylurea, sulfonamide, and imadazolinone herbicides, other pesticides, and nutrients in 71 streams, 5 reservoir outflows, and 25 wells in the midwestern United States, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4225, 123 p.

Skogerboe, R.K., Hanagan, W.A., and Taylor, H.E., 1985,

Concentration of trace elements in water samples by reductive precipitation: Analytical Chemistry, v. 57, p. 2815.

Leenheer, J.A., 1984,

Concentration, partitioning, and isolation techniques, in Minear, R., ed., Organic species, v. 3 of Water Analysis: New York, Academic Press, p. 83-166.

Scribner, E.A., Battaglin, W.A., Gilliom, R.J., and Meyer, M.T., 2007,

Concentrations of glyphosate, its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate in ground- and surface-water, rainfall, and soil samples collected in the United States, 2001-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5122, 112 p.

Loper, C.A., Crawford, J.K., Otto, K.L., Manning, R.L., Meyer, M.T., and Furlong, E.T., 2007,

Concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics in south-central Pennsylvania waters, March through September 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 300, 101 p.

Stream Solute Workshop, 1990,

Concepts and methods for assessing solute dynamics in stream ecosystems: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 9, p. 95-119.

Edwards, M., Patel, S., McNeil, L., Chen, H.W., Frey, M., Eaton, A.D., Antweiler, R.C., and Taylor, H.E., 1998,

Considerations in As analysis and speciation: Journal of the American Water Works Association, v. 3, p. 103.

Belaval, M., Lane, J.W., Jr, Lesmes, D.P., and Kineke, G., 2003,

Continuous-resistivity-profiling for coastal ground-water investigations--three case histories, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP), San Antonio, Texas, April 6-10, 2003: Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. CD-ROM, 14 p.

Winfield, K.A., and Nimmo, J.R., 2002,

Controlled liquid-volume [water retention and storage], in Dane, J.H., and Topp, G.C., eds., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4, Physical Methods: Madison, Wisconsin, Soil Science Society of America, p. 698-703, 717-720.

White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D.V., Blum, A.E., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2006,

Controls on pore water solutes--An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, no. 1-3, p. 363-366, doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.076.

Smith, C.N., Brown, D.S., Parrish, D.S., Asmussen, L.E., and Hicks, D.W., 1990,

Cooperative approach for field validating agricultural chemical transport models, in Proceedings of the American Society of Agronomy, San Antonio, Tex.

Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1993,

Coupling solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ultratrace determination of herbicides in pristine water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, no. 20, p. 2894-2898.

Thorn, K.A., 1997,

Covalent binding of the reductive degradation products of TNT to humic substances investigated by N-15 NMR, in Preprints of Papers Presented at the 213th ACS National Meeting, Division of Environmental Chemistry, San Francisco, California, April 13-17, 1997: American Chemical Society, v. 37, no. 1, p. 305-306.

Brenner, I.B., and Taylor, H.E., 1992,

A critical review of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for geoanalysis, geochemistry and hydrology, Part 1, Analytical performance: Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, v. 11, p. 452-463.

Williams, J.H., Lacombe, P.J., Johnson, C.D., and Paillet, F.L., 2007,

Cross-borehole flow tests and insights into hydraulic connections in fractured mudstone and sandstone, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP 2007), Denver, Colorado, April 1-5, 2007: Denver, Colo., Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. 1140-1152 (CD-ROM).

Liu, L., Zhou, C., Lane, J.W., Jr., and Haeni, F.P., 1997,

Cross-hole radar attenuation tomography using a frequency centroid down-shift method--Consideration of non-linear frequency dependence of EM wave attenuation, in Technical Program, Society of Exploration Geophysicists International Exposition and Sixty-Seventh Annual Meeting, Dallas, Texas, November 2-7, 1997: Tulsa, Okla., Society of Exploration Geophysicists, v. I, p. 442-445.

Savoie, J.G., Lane, J.W., Jr., and Joesten, P.K., 2001,

Cross-hole radar method monitors PRB installation: Ground Water Currents, no. 42, p. 3-4.

Shekiro, J.M., Skogerboe, R.K., and Taylor, H.E., 1987,

Crude oil identification with electrothermal vaporization-multiple wavelength absorption spectrometry: Chemosphere Journal, v. 16, p. 983.

Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., and Han, L.F., 2006,

Data interpretation in representative cases (chapter 8), in IAEA, ed., Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 105-134.

Ebwurzel, B., Schlosser, P., Smethie Jr, W.M., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Michel, R.L., Weppernig, R., and Stute, M., 1994,

Dating of shallow groundwater--Comparison of the transient tracers 3H/3He chlorofluorocarbons and 85Kr: Water Resources Research, v. 30, p. 1693-1707.

Ekwurzel, B., Schlosser, P., Smethie Jr., W.M., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Michel, R.L., Weppernig, R., and Stute, M., 1994,

Dating of shallow groundwater--Comparison of the transient tracers 3H/3He, chlorofluorocarbons, and 85Kr: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1693-1708, 94WR00156, doi:10.1029/94WR00156.

Plummer, L.N., 2005,

Dating of young groundwater, in Aggarwal, P.K., Gat, J.R., and Froehlich, K.F.O., eds., Isotopes in the water cycle--Past, present and future of a developing science: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Springer, p. 193-220.

Busenberg, E., and Plummer, L.N., 2000,

Dating young groundwater with sulfur hexafluoride--Natural and anthropogenic sources of sulfur hexafluoride: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 10, p. 3011-3030, 2000WR900151, doi:10.1029/2000WR900151.

Kharaka, Y.K., Ambats, G., Thordsen, J.J., and Evans, W.C., 1997,

Deep-well injections of brine from Paradox Valley, Colorado--Potential major precipitation problems remediated by nanofiltration: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 5, p. 1013-1020, 97WR00573, doi:10.1029/97WR00573.

Thurman, E.M., and Fallon, J.D., 1996,

The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio as an indicator of the onset of the spring flush of herbicides into surface water of the Midwestern United States: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, p. 203-214.

Thurman, E.M., and Fallon, J.D., 1997,

The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio as an indicator of the onset of the spring flush of herbicides into surface water of the midwestern United States: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, p. 203-214.

Franks, B.J., Goerlitz, D.F., and Baedecker, M.J., 1986,

Defining extent of a contaminant plume using onsite analytical techniques, in Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water, Proceedings of the Second Conference of Prevention, Detection, and Restoration, Houston, Texas, 1985: National Water Well Association and American Petroleum Institute, p. 265-275.

Lorah, M.M., and Voytek, M.A., 2004,

Degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and accumulation of vinyl chloride in wetland sediment microcosms and in situ porewater--Biogeochemical controls and associations with microbial communities: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 70, no. 1-2, p. 117-145, doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.010.

Savoie, J.G., LeBlanc, D.R., Blackwood, D.S., McCobb, T.D., Rendigs, R.R., and Clifford, S., 2000,

Delineation of discharge areas of two contaminant plumes by use of diffusion samplers, Johns Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4017, 30 p.

Smith, L.K., Voytek, M.A., Böhlke, J.K., and Harvey, J.W., 2006,

Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams--Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2191-2207, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2191:DINSAO]2.0.CO;2.

Pabich, W.J., 2001,

Denitrification of anthropogenic nitrogen in groundwater--Measurement and modeling using stable isotopic and mass balance approaches: Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 188 p.

Strobel, M.L., Strobel, C.J., and Delin, G.N., 1998,

Design for a packer/vacuum slug test system for estimating hydraulic conductivity in wells with LNAPLs, casing leaks, or water tables intersecting the screens: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 18, no. 4, p. 77-80.

Paillet, F.L., Hess, A.E., and Willliams, J.H., 1998,

Design, operation, and data analysis for a wireline packer system in open boreholes, with field-test results from Belvidere, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-413, 23 p.

Lucius, J.E., 2000,

Detectability of crude oil in the subsurface near Bemidji, Minnesota, using ground penetrating radar, in Powers, M.H., Ibrahim, A.-B., and Cramer, L., eds., Symposium on the Applications of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP 2000), Arlington, Virginia, February 20-24, 2000: Wheat Ridge, Colo., Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. 311-319.

Lane, J.W., Jr., Haeni, F.P., and Williams, J.H., 1994,

Detection of bedrock fractures and lithologic changes using borehole radar at selected sites, in Fifth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, June 12-16, 1993: Waterloo, Ontario, Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research, p. 577-592.

Zimmerman, L.R., Thurman, E.M., and Bastian, K.C., 1999,

Detection of persistent organic pollutants in the Mississippi Delta using semipermeable membrane devices, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 367-379.

Zimmerman, L.R., Thurman, E.M., and Bastian, K.C., 2000,

Detection of persistent organic pollutants in the Mississippi Delta using semipermeable membrane devices: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 169-179, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00540-9.

Thurman, E.M., and Aga, D.S., 2001,

Detection of pesticides and pesticide metabolites using the cross reactivity in immunoassays: Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, v. 84, no. 1, p. 163-167.

Eganhouse, R.P., Dorsey, T.F., Phinney, C.S., and Westcott, A.M., 1993,

Determination of C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons in water by purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography: Journal of Cromatography, v. 628, p. 81-92.

Pankow, J.F., Luo, W., Isabelle, L.M., Bender, D.A., and Baker, R.J., 1998,

Determination of a wide range of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using multisorbent adsorption/thermal desorption and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 70, no. 24, p. 5213-5221, doi:10.1021/ac980481t.

Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., and Pomes, M.L., 1994,

Determination of alachlor and its sulfonic acid metabolite in water by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: Analytical Chemistry, v. 66, no. 9, p. 1495-1499.

Thurman, E.M., Willoughby, T., Barber, L.B., II, and Thorn, K.A., 1987,

Determination of alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants in groundwater using macroreticular resins and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 59, no. 14, p. 1798-1802, doi:10.1021/ac00141a013.

Suflita, J.M., Londry, K.L., and Ulrich, G.A., 1996,

The determination of anaerobic biodegradation activity, in Hurst, C.J., and others, eds., Manual of Environmental Microbiology: Washington, D.C., American Society for Microbiology, p. 790-801.

Christian, T., Schneider, R.J., Barber, H.A., Skutlarek, D., Meyer, M.T., and Goldbach, H.E., 2003,

Determination of antibiotic residues in manure, soil, and surface waters: Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, v. 31, no. 1, p. 36-44.

Thurman, E.M., 1984,

Determination of aquatic humic substances in natural waters, in Meyers, E.L., ed., Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2262, p. 47-52.

Lindsay, S.S., and Baedecker, M.J., 1988,

Determination of aqueous sulfide in contaminated and natural water using the methylene blue method, in Collins, A.G., and Johnson, A.I., eds., Ground-water contamination--Field Methods: American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publication 963, p. 349-357.

Goodwin, B.L., 1996,

Determination of aquifer dispersivities using small scale natural gradient tracer tests: Worcester, Mass, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, unpublished M.S. thesis, 120 p.

Dankwardt, A., Wust, S., Elling, W., Thurman, E.M., and Hock, B., 1994,

Determination of atrazine in rainfall and surface water in Germany by enzyme immunoassay: Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 1, no. 4, p. 196-204.

Hostetler, K.A., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 345-353.

Hostetler, K.A., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 147-155, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00538-0.

Revesz, K., Böhlke, J.K., and Yoshinari, T., 1997,

Determination of d18O and d15N in nitrate: Analytical Chemistry, v. 69, no. 21, p. 4375-4380, doi:10.1021/ac9610523.

Garbarino, J.R., Kanagy, L.K., and Cree, M.E., 2006,

Determination of elements in natural-water, biota, sediment, and soil samples using collision/reaction cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec. B, chap. 1, 88 p.

Lacombe, P., Sargent, B.P., Harte, P.T., and Vowinkel, E.F., 1986,

Determination of geohydrological framework and extent of ground-water contamination using surface geophysical techniques at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4051, 31 p.

Duff, J.H., Toner, B., Jackman, A.P., and Triska, F.J., 2000,

Determination of groundwater discharge into a sand and gravel bottom river--A preliminary comparison of chloride dilution and seepage meter techniques: Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, v. 27, p. 1-6.

Rostad, C.E., and Pereira, W.E., 1988,

Determination of halogenated organic compounds in estuarine biota and sediments by chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 85-86.

Cahill, J.D., 2000,

Determination of human pharmaceuticals in surface water using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: University of Colorado at Denver, unpublished MS thesis, 112 p.

Thomas, C.L., Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J., 2000,

Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4141, 31 p.

Ortiz, R.F., and Bencala, K.E., 2001,

Determination of instream metal loads using tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling techniques in Wightman Fork, southwestern Colorado, September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4154, 26 p.

Lin, C.H., Lerch, R.N., Thurman, E.M., Garrett, H.E., and George, M.F., 2002,

Determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 21, p. 5816-5824, doi:10.1021/jf025622d.

DeWild, J.F., Olson, M.L., and Olund, S.D., 2002,

Determination of methyl mercury by aqueous phase ethylation, followed by gas chromatographic separation with cold vapor atomic fluorescence detection: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-445, 14 p.

Buszka, P.M., Barber, L.B., II, Schroeder, M.P., and Becker, L.D., 1994,

Determination of organic compounds downstream from a treated-wastewater discharge near Dallas, Texas, March 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4194, 19 p.

Goerlitz, D.F., 1981,

Determination of pentachlorophenol in water and aquifer sediments by high-performance liquid chromatography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-124, 12 p.

Bergamaschi, B.A., Baston, D.S., Crepeau, K.L., and Kuivila, K.M., 1999,

Determination of pesticides associated with suspended sediments in the San Joaquin River, California, USA, using gas-chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry: Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, v. 69, p. 305-319.

Cahill, J.D., Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., Kolpin, D.W., and Anderson, L.G., 2004,

Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in surface- and ground-water samples by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1041, no. 1-2, p. 171-180, doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.005.

Brown, C.E., 1986,

Determination of rock properties by borehole geophysical and physical testing techniques and ground-water quality and movement, Durham Triassic Basin, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1432, 86 p.

Steinheimer, T.R., and Ondrus, M.G., 1986,

Determination of selected azaarenes in water by bonded-phase extraction and liquid chromatography: Analytical Chemistry, v. 58, no. 8, p. 1839-1844.

Zaugg, S.D., Burkhardt, M.R., Burbank, T.L., Olson, M.C., Iverson, J.L., and Schroeder, M.P., 2006,

Determination of semivolatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec. B, chap. 3, 44 p.

Murphy, D.M., Garbarino, J.R., Taylor, H.E., Hart, B.T., and Beckett, R., 1993,

Determination of size and element composition distributions of complex colloids by sedimentation field-flow fractionation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography, v. 642, p. 459-467.

Kilpatrick, F.A., Rathburn, R.E., Yotsukara, N., Parker, G.W., and DeLong, L.L., 1989,

Determination of stream reaeration coefficients by use of tracers: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, sec. A, chap. 18, 52 p.

Chiou, C.T., and Rutherford, D.W., 1996,

Determination of surface area of soil components by sorption of nitrogen and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether vapors and evaluation of adsorption, partition and cation solvation processes, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 375-380.

McCobb, T.D., LeBlanc, D.R., and Hess, K.M., 1999,

Determination of temporal and spatial variability of hydraulic gradients in an unconfined aquifer using three-point triangulation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 349-360.

Pfannkuch, H.O., 1984,

Determination of the contaminant source strength from mass exchange processes at the petroleum-ground-water interface in shallow aquifer systems, in Proceedings of the National Water Well Association/American Petroleum Institute Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water, Houston, Tex., 1984: National Water Well Association, p. 111-129.

Michalski, G., Savarino, J., Böhlke, J.K., and Thiemens, M.H., 2002,

Determination of the total oxygen isotopic composition of nitrate and the calibration of a D170 nitrate reference material: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, no. 19, p. 4989-4993, doi:10.1021/ac0256282.

Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C.E., and Leiker, T.J., 1989,

Determination of trace levels of herbicides and their degradation products in surface and ground waters by gas chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 228, p. 69-75.

Webb, S.M., Fuller, C.C., Tebo, B.M., and Bargar, J.R., 2006,

Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 771-777, doi:10.1021/es051679f.

Fischer, J.M., Baker, R.J., Lahvis, M.A., and Baehr, A.L., 1996,

Determination of vapor-phase diffusion coefficients for unsaturated-zone sediments at a gasoline-spill site in Galloway Township, New Jersey, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 35-41.

Burkhardt, M.R., Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., and ReVello, R.C., 2006,

Determination of wastewater compounds in sediment and soil by pressurized solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec. B, chap. 2, 33 p.

Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., and Schroeder, M.P., 2006,

Determination of wastewater compounds in whole water by continuous liquid–liquid extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec, B, chap. 4, 30 p.

Heilweil, V.M., and Hsieh, P.A., 2006,

Determining anisotropic permeability using a simplified Papadopulos method: Ground Water, v. 44, p. 749-753.

Zhang, M., Takahashi, M., Morin, R.H., Endo, H., and Esaki, T., 2001,

Determining the hydraulic properties of saturated, low-permeability geological materials in the laboratory--Advances in theory and practice, in Proceedings of the ASTM Symposium on Evaluation and Remediation of Low-Permeability and Dual-Porosity Environments, Reno, Nevada, January 25-26, 2001: p. 40-55.

Fallon, J.D., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

Determining the relative age, transport, and three-dimensional distribution of atrazine in a reservoir using immunoassay, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 499-504.

Smith, R.L., and Steve H. Harris, J., 2007,

Determining the terminal electron-accepting reaction in the saturated subsurface, in Hurst, C.J., and others, eds., Manual of Environmental Microbiology (3rd ed.): Washington, D.C., ASM Press, v. VI, ISBN:978-1-55581-379-6.

Smith, R.L., 1997,

Determining the terminal electron-accepting reaction in the saturated subsurface, in Hurst, C.J., and others, eds., Manual of Environmental Microbiology: Washington, D.C., ASTM Press, p. 577-585.

Cook, P.G., and Böhlke, J.K., 2000,

Determining timescales for groundwater flow and solute transport, in Cook, P.G., and Herczeg, A., eds., Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 1-30.

Luoma, S.N., 1998,

The developing framework of marine exotoxicology--Pollutants as a variable in marine ecosystems?: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 200, p. 29-55, doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(96)02679-2.

Weiss, J.M., McKay, A.J., DeRito, C., Watanabe, C., Thorn, K.A., and Madsen, E.L., 2004,

Development and application of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of bound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene residues in soil: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 7, p. 2167-2174, doi:10.1021/es034911v.

Steinheimer, T.R., and Brooks, M.G., 1984,

Development and evaluation of a gas chromatographic method for the determination of triazine herbicides in natural water samples: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 17, p. 97-111.

Brooks, M.H., 1991,

Development and evaluation of a technique for measuring denitrification enzyme activity in nitrate-contaminated ground water: Golden, Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, unpublished M.S. thesis, 94 p.

Kuwabara, J.S., and Robinson, J.R., 1988,

Development of a hollow fiber tangential flow filtration system for concentration of suspended sediment samples from natural waters, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substance Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 157-160.

Brumbaugh, W.G., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N., and Manahan, S.E., 1999,

Development of a passive integrative sampler for labile metals in water, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 93-98.

Chapin, T.P., and Wanty, R., 2005,

Development of a solenoid pumped in situ zinc analyzer for environmental monitoring: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 543, no. 1-2, p. 199-208, doi:10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.046.

Krumme, M.L., 1993,

Development of aquifer microcosms and in situ methods to test the fate and function of pollutant-degrading microorganisms: Braunschweig, Germany, National Center for Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 127 p.

Winfield, K.A., 2005,

Development of property-transfer models for estimating the hydraulic properties of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idahy: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5114, 59 p.

Smith, R.L., and Harvey, R.W., 1991,

Development of sampling techniques to measure in situ rates of microbial processes in a contaminated sand and gravel aquifer, in Fliermans, C.B., and Hazen, T.C., eds., Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Microbiology of the Deep Subsurface, Orlando, Fla., January 15-19, 1990: Aiken, S.C., Westinghouse Savannah River Company, p. 2-19 to 2-33.

Smith, R.L., Duff, J.H., and Howes, B.L., 1987,

Development of techniques to measure in situ rates of microbial processes in a contaminated aquifer, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. B-25-B-27.

Chapin, T.P., Nimick, D.A., Gammons, C.H., and Wanty, R.B., 2007,

Diel cycling of zinc in a stream impacted by acid rock drainage--Initial results from a new in situ Zn analyzer: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 133, no. 1-3, p. 161-167, doi:10.1007/s10661-006-9569-y.

Masoner, J.R., Stannard, D.I., and Christenson, S.C., 2008,

Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class A pan on land, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x (Advanced Web release).

Rostad, C.E., 2006,

Differential of commercial fuels based on polar components using negative electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry: Environmental Forensics, v. 7, no. 1, p. 5-14.

Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 2001,

Differentiating nonpoint sources of deisopropylatrazine in surface water using discrimination diagrams: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 30, no. 5, p. 1836-1843.

LeBlanc, D.R., 2003,

Diffusion and drive-point sampling to detect ordnance-related compounds in shallow ground water beneath Snake Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4133, 20 p.

Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2003,

Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from single observations of multiple contaminants: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1345-1352, 2002WR001212, doi:10.1029/2002WR001212.

Abraham, J.D., and Lucius, J.E., 2004,

Direct current resistivity profiling to study distribution of water in the unsaturated zone near the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1319, 16 p.

Walker, C.E., Schrock, R.M., Reilly, T.J., and Baehr, A.L., 2005,

A direct immunoassay for detecting diatoms in ground water as an indicator of the direct influence of surface water: Journal of Applied Phycology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 81-90.

Aiken, G.R., 2003,

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) characterization, in Schuster, P.F., ed., Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska, during water year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-427, p. 23-26.

Ferrer, I., Barcelo, D., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Double-disk solid-phase extraction--Simultaneous cleanup and trace enrichment of herbicides and metabolites from environmental samples: Analytical Chemistry, v. 71, no. 5, p. 1009-1015, doi:10.1021/ac980975q.

Zapico, M.M., 1987,

Easier evaluation procedures--Core acquisition and an assessment of slug tests: Waterloo, Ontario, University of Waterloo, Department of Earth Sciences, unpublished M.S. thesis, 195 p.

Koller, D., Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Smith, J.A., 1996,

Effect of air drying on solvent extraction of trichloroethylene-contaminated soil, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 339-345.

Simon, N.S., 1988,

The effect of different methods for removal of organic matter on hydrochloric acid extraction of metals from sediment--Calcasieu River, Louisiana, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 73-80.

Cook, P.G., Plummer, L.N., Solomon, D.K., Busenberg, E., and Han, L.F., 2006,

Effects and processes that can modify apparent CFC age (chapter 4), in IAEA, ed., Chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 31-58, ISBN:92-0-100805-8.

Zinn, B.A., and Konikow, L.F., 2007,

Effects of intraborehole flow on groundwater age distribution: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 15, no. 4, p. 633-643, doi:10.1007/s10040-006-0139-8.

Reilly, T.E., and Gibs, J., 1993,

Effects of physical and chemical heterogeneity on water-quality samples obtained from wells: Ground Water, v. 31, no. 5, p. 805-813.

Gibs, J., Brown, G.A., Turner, K.S., MacLeod, C.L., Jelinski, J.C., and Koehnlein, S.A., 1993,

Effects of small-scale vertical variations in well-screen inflow rates and concentrations of organic contaminants on the collection of representative ground-water quality samples: Ground Water, v. 31, no. 2, p. 201-208.

Singha, K., and Gorelick, S.M., 2006,

Effects of spatially variable resolution on field-scale estimates of tracer concentration from electrical inversions using Archie's law: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 3, p. G83-G91, doi:10.1190/1.2194900.

Singha, K., Binley, A.M., Gorelick, S.M., and Lane, J.W., Jr, 2003,

Electrical imaging of tracer migration at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP), San Antonio, Texas, April 6-10, 2003: Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. CD-ROM, 11 p.

Reddy, M.M., Leenheer, J.A., and Malcolm, R.L., 1994,

Elemental analysis and heat of combustion of fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, in Averett, R.C., Leenheer, J.A., McKnight, D.M., and Thorn, K.A., eds., Humic substances in the Suwannee River, Georgia--Interactions, properties, and proposed structures: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2373, p. 81-88.

Erdman, J.A., and Christenson, S., 2000,

Elements in cottonwood trees as an indicator of ground water contaminated by landfill leachate: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 20, no. 1, p. 120-126.

Chapelle, F.H., Campbell, B.G., Looney, B.B., Wiedemeier, T.H., and Sink, C.H., 2005,

Empirical and deterministic methods for assessing monitored natural attenuation, in Proceedings of the In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Eighth International Symposium, Baltimore, Maryland, June 6-9, 2005: Columbus, Ohio, Battelle Press, (Contact The Conference Group Inc. for information on the availability of the proceedings.).

Klein, C., Schneider, R.J., Meyer, M.T., and Aga, D.S., 2006,

Enantiomeric separation of metolachlor and its metabolites using LC-MS and CZE: Chemosphere, v. 62, no. 10, p. 1591-1599, doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.048.

Stannard, D.I., 1997,

Energy-budget eddy-correlation technique, in Czarnecki, J.B., ed., Geohydrology and evapotranspiration at Franklin Lake playa, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2377, p. 25-35.

Phinney, C.S., 1993,

Enhancement of molecular ion detection by variation of mass analyzer thermal energy for C10-C28 alkanes by ion-trap mass spectrometry, in Proceedings of the 41st ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, San Francisco, California, May 30-June 4, 1993.

Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1997,

Environmental Immunoassays--Alternative techniques for soil and water analysis, in Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Immunochemical technology for environmental applications: Washington D.C., American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 657, p. 1-20.

Wallenstein, M.D., Myrold, D.D., Firestone, M., and Voytek, M., 2006,

Environmental controls on denitrifying communities and denitrification rates--Insights from molecular methods: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2143-2152, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2143:ECODCA]2.0.CO;2.

Plummer, L.N., Michel, R.L., Thurman, E.M., and Glynn, P.D., 1993,

Environmental tracers for age dating young ground water, in Alley, W.M., ed., Regional ground-water quality: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 255-294.

Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M., Pomes, M., Perry, C.A., and Schwab, P., 1990,

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of triazine herbicides in water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 62, p. 2043-2048.

Baker, R.J., Baehr, A.L., and Lahvis, M.A., 1999,

Equilibrium vapor method to determine the concentration of inorganic carbon and other compounds in water samples, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 103-112.

Stannard, D.I., Rosenberry, D.O., Winter, T.C., and Parkhurst, R.S., 2004,

Estimates of fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota, USA: Wetlands, v. 24, no. 3, p. 498-513.

Shapiro, A.M., and Oki, D.S., 2000,

Estimating formation properties from early-time oscillatory water levels in a pumped well: Journal of Hydrology, v. 236, no. 1-2, p. 91-108, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00283-3.

Šimůnek, J., and Nimmo, J.R., 2005,

Estimating soil hydraulic parameters from transient flow experiments in a centrifuge using parameter optimization technique: Water Resources Research, v. 41, doi:10.1029/2004WR003379.

Baehr, A.L., Kauffman, L.J., Perkins, K., and Nolan, B.T., 2003,

Estimating spatial variability of recharge in southern New Jersey from unsaturated-zone measurements: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4288, 31 p.

Shapiro, A.M., 1996,

Estimation of effective porosity in fractured crystalline rock by controlled tracer tests, in Stevens, P.R., and Nicholson, T.J., eds., Joint U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Workshop on Research Related to Low-Level Radioactive Disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia, Proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4015, p. 185-190.

Moench, A.F., 2003,

Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 281, no. 1-2, p. 82-95, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00202-6.

Su, G.W., Jasperse, J., Seymour, D., and Constantz, J., 2004,

Estimation of hydraulic conductivity in an alluvial system using temperature: Ground Water, v. 42, p. 890-901.

Moench, A.F., Garabedian, S.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2000,

Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-485.

Moench, A.F., Garabedian, S.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2001,

Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1629, 69 p.

Baker, R.J., Baehr, A.L., and Lahvis, M.A., 2000,

Estimation of hydrocarbon biodegradation rates in gasoline-contaminated sediment from measured respiration rates: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 41, no. 1-2, p. 175-192, doi:10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00063-7.

Lahvis, M.A., and Baehr, A.L., 1996,

Estimation of rates of aerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation by simulation of gas transport in the unsaturated zone: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 7, p. 2231-2249, 96WR00805, doi:10.1029/96WR00805.

Wagner, B.J., and Harvey, J.W., 1999,

Evaluating the ability of tracer tests to quantify reactive solute transport in stream-aquifer systems, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 201-209.

Harvey, J.W., Wagner, B.J., and Bencala, K.E., 1996,

Evaluating the reliability of the stream tracer approach to characterize stream-subsurface water exchange: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 8, p. 2441-51, 96WR01268, doi:10.1029/96WR01268.

Zhang, M., Takahashi, M., Morin, R.H., and Esaki, T., 2000,

Evaluation and application of the transient-pulse technique for determining the hydraulic properties of low permeability rocks - Part 1. Theoretical evaluation: Geotechnical Testing Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 83-91, 4234XXXc.

Zhang, M., Takahashi, M., Morin, R.H., and Esaki, T., 2000,

Evaluation and application of the transient-pulse technique for determining the hydraulic properties of low permeability rocks--Part 2. Experimental application: Geotechnical Testing Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 91-99, GTJ23110.

Pomes, M.L., Thurman, E.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1996,

An evaluation of a microtiter-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for the analysis of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in storm runoff samples, in Van Emon, J.M., Gerlach, C.L., and Johnson, J.C., eds., Environmental immunochemical methods: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 646, p. 170-182.

Levy, B.S., and Pannell, L., 1991,

Evaluation of a pressure system for estimating in-situ hydraulic conductivity, in Proceedings of the Fifth National Outdoor Action Conference on Aquifer Restoration, Ground Water Monitoring, and Geophysical Methods, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 13-16, 1991: Dublin, Ohio, National Water Well Association, Ground Water Management Book 5, p. 31-45.

Gibs, J., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1988,

An evaluation of field-determined characteristics used as water-quality indicators during aquifer sampling for purgeable organic compounds, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic-Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. F-19.

Lane, J.W., Jr., Buursink, M.L., Haeni, F.P., and Versteeg, R.J., 2000,

Evaluation of ground-penetrating radar to detect free-phase hydrocarbons in fractured rocks--Results of numerical modeling and physical experiments: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 6, p. 929-938.

Dombrowski, T.R., Thurman, E.M., and Mohrman, G.B., 1997,

Evaluation of immunoassay for the determination of pesticides at a large-scale groundwater contamination site, in Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Immunochemical technology for environmental applications: Washington D.C., American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 657, p. 221-233.

Ellis, G.S., Huckins, J.N., Rostad, C.E., Schmitt, C.J., Petty, J.D., and MacCarthy, P., 1995,

Evaluation of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organochlorine contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 14, no. 11, p. 1875-1884.

Pomes, M.L., Thurman, E.M., Aga, D.S., and Goolsby, D.A., 1998,

Evaluation of microtiter-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in rainfall: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 163-168, doi:10.1021/es970462l.

Helsel, D.R., and Ragone, S.E., 1984,

Evaluation of regional ground-water quality in relation to land use; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4217, 33 p.

Weishaar, J.L., Aiken, G.R., Bergamaschi, B.A., Fram, M.S., and Fujii, R., 2003,

Evaluation of specific ultra-violet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 37, no. 20, p. 4702-4708, doi:10.1021/es030360x.

Meyer, M.T., Lee, E.A., Ferrell, G.F., Bumgarner, J.E., and Varnes, J., 2007,

Evaluation of tandem off-line and on-line solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the analysis of antibiotics in ambient water and comparision to an independent method: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5021, 28 p.

Taylor, H.E., and Garbarino, J.R., 1987,

Evaluation of the accuracy and precision of stable isotope ratio measurements by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in Proceedings XXV Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale: p. 146.

Koh, D.C., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., and Kim, Y., 2007,

Evidence for terrigenic SF6 in groundwater from basaltic aquifers, Jeju Island, Korea--Implications for groundwater dating: Journal of Hydrology, v. 339, no. 1-2, p. 93-104, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.011.

Thorn, K.A., 1996,

Examples of NMR in the analysis of environmental contaminants and contaminant interactions, Invited Papers, in Symposium on New Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry, 211th ACS National Meeting, New Orleans, March 24-28, 1996: American Chemical Society.

Reilly, T.E., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1998,

Experimental evaluation of factors affecting temporal variability of water samples obtained from long-screened wells: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 4, p. 566-576.

Rostad, C.E., and Leenheer, J.A., 2004,

Factors that affect molecular weight distribution of Suwannee River fluvic acid as determined by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 523, no. 2, p. 269-278, doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.065.

Nimmo, J.R., Stonestrom, D.A., and Akstin, K.C., 1994,

The feasibility of recharge rate measurements using the steady state centrifuge method: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 58, p. 49-56.

Gruebel, K.A., Davis, J.A., and Leckie, J.O., 1988,

The feasibility of using sequential extraction techniques for As and Se in soils and sediments: Journal of Soil Science Society of America, v. 52, p. 390-397.

Baedecker, M.J., 1994,

Field and laboratory results--getting the whole picture, in Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ground Water, Denver, Colorado, August 30-September 1, 1994: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, p. 41-46.

Imbrigiotta, T.E., Gibs, J., Pankow, J.F., and Rosen, M.E., 1987,

Field comparison of downhole and surface sampling devices for purgeable organic compounds in ground water, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. E-5-E-6.

Imbrigiotta, T.E., Gibs, J., Fusillo, T.V., Hochreiter, J.J., and Kish, G.R., 1988,

Field comparison of ground-water sampling devices for recovery of purgeable organic compounds, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic-Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. F-5.

Hsieh, P.A., and Neuman, S.P., 1985,

Field determination of the three dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of anisotropic media--1, Theory: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1655-1665, 5W4072, doi:10.1029/WR021i011p01655.

Hsieh, P.A., Shlomo, S.P., Stiles, G.K., and Simpson, E.S., 1985,

Field determination of the three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of anisotropic media--2, Methodology and application to fractured rocks: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1667-1676, 5W4073, doi:10.1029/WR021i011p01667.

Demcheck, D.K., 1988,

Field equipment and techniques for sampling metals and organic compounds in the lower Calcasieu River, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 71-72.

Imbrigiotta, T.E., Gibs, J., Fusillo, T.V., Kish, G.R., and Hochreiter, J.J., 1988,

Field evaluation of seven sampling devices for purgeable organic compounds in ground water, in Collins, A.G., and Johnson, A.J., eds., Ground-water contamination--Field methods: Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM Special Technical Publication 963, p. 258-273.

Walton-Day, K., Macalady, D.L., Brooks, M.H., and Tate, V.T., 1990,

Field methods for the determination of ground-water redox parameters: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 10, no. 4, p. 81-89.

Joss, C.J., Baehr, A.L., and Fischer, J.M., 1991,

A field technique for determining unsaturated zone air-permeability, in Proceedings of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Symposium on Soil Venting, Houston, Tex., April 29-May 1, 1991: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/R-92/174, p. 149-170.

Paillet, F.L., 2000,

A field technique for estimating aquifer parameters using flow log data: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 4, p. 510-511.

Leenheer, J.A., and Noyes, T.I., 1984,

A filtration and column-adsorption system for onsite concentration and fractionation of organic substances from large volumes of water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2230, 16 p.

Ferrer, I., Barcelo, D., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 714-718, doi:10.1021/es990462g.

Dombrowski, T.R., Thurman, E.M., and Mohrman, G.B., 1996,

A first application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening cyclodiene insecticides in ground water, in Van Emon, J.M., Gerlach, C.L., and Johnson, J.C., eds., Environmental immunochemical methods: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 646, p. 170-182.

Taylor, H.E., Garbarino, J.R., and Koirtyohann, S.R., 1991,

Flame ionization mass spectrometry--Isotope ratio determinations for potassium: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 45, no. 5, p. 886.

Tarte, S.R., Schmidt, A.R., and Sullivan, D.J., 1992,

Floating sample-collection platform with stage-activited automatic water sampler for streams with large variation in stage: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-149, 14 p.

Marron, D.C., 1992,

Floodplain storage of mine tailings in the Belle Fourche River system--A sediment budget approach: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 17, p. 675-685.

Chen, W., Westerhoff, P., Leenheer, J.A., and Booksh, K., 2003,

Florescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 37, p. 5701-5710, doi:10.1021/es034354c.

Topping, B.R., and Kuwabara, J.S., 1999,

Flow-injection - ICP-MS method applied to benthic flux studies of San Francisco Bay, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 131-134.

Villinski, J.E., O'Day, P.A., Corley, T.L., and Conklin, M.H., 1999,

A flow-through cell for in-situ, real time X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of geochemical reactions, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 217-225.

Hostettler, F.D., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Cao, W., Bekins, B.A., Rostad, C.E., Kulpa, C.F., and Laursen, A., 2007,

Forensic fingerprinting of oil-spill hydrocarbons in a methanogenic environment-Mandan, ND and Bemidji, MN: Environmental Forensics, v. 8, no. 1, p. 139-153, doi:10.1080/15275920601180685.

Leenheer, J.A., and Rostad, C.E., 2004,