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Toxic Substances Hydrology Program

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Ground-Water Contaminant Transport

Contaminant transport and fate in ground water

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Johnson, T.M., Roback, R.C., McLing, T.L., Bullen, T.D., DePaolo, D.J., Doughty, C., Hunt, R.J., Smith, R.W., Cecil, L.D., and Murrell, M.T., 2000,
Groundwater "fast paths" in the Snake River Plain Aquifer--Radiogenic isotope ratios as natural groundwater tracers: Geology, v. 28, no. 10, p. 871-874, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<871:GFPITS>2.0.CO;2.
Bullen, T.D., White, A.F., Childs, C.W., Vivit, D.V., and Schulz, M.S., 2001,
Demonstration of significant abiotic iron isotope fractionation in nature: Geology, v. 29, no. 8, p. 699-702, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0699:DOSAII>2.0.CO;2.

A

Davis, J.A., 1982,
Adsorption of natural dissolved organic matter at the oxide/water interface: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, p. 2381-2393.
Anderman, E.R., and Hill, M.C., 1997,
Advective-transport observation (ADV) package, a computer program for adding advective-transport observations of steady-state flow fields to the three-dimensional ground-water-flow parameter-estimation model MODFLOWP: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-14, 67 p.
Böhlke, J.K., Smith, R.L., and Miller, D.N., 2006,
Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater--Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies: Water Resources Research, v. 42, W05411, doi:10.1029/2005WR004349.
Stevens, J.H., 1994,
Analysis and modeling of infiltration and solute transport experiments in unsaturated sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Princeton, N.J., Princeton University, Department of Civil Engineering and Operations Research, unpublished M.S. thesis, 266 p.
Brown, J.G., Bassett, R.L., and Glynn, P.D., 1998,
Analysis and simulation of reactive transport of metal contaminants in ground water in Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona, in Steefel, C.I., and Van Cappellen, P., eds., Special Issue--Reactive Transport Modeling of Natural Systems: New York, Elsevier, Journal of Hydrology, v. 209, p. 225-250.
Goode, D.J., and Konikow, L.F., 1990,
Apparent dispersion in transient groundwater flow: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2339-2351, 90WR01420, doi:10.1029/WR026i010p02339.
Starn, J.J., 1996,
Apparent solute dispersion in an alluvial/aquifer stream system, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 935-940.
Davis, J.A., and Curtis, G.P., 2003,
Application of surface complexation modeling to describe uranium (VI) adsorption and retardation at the uranium mill tailings site at Naturita, Colorado: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Report NUREG CR-6820.
Davis, J.A., Meece, D.E., Kohler, M., and Curtis, G.P., 2004,
Approaches to surface complexation modeling of uranium(VI) adsorption on aquifer sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. 3621-3641, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.003.
Gorelick, S.M., Voss, C.I., Gill, P.E., Murray, W., Saunders, M.S., and Wright, M.H., 1984,
Aquifer reclamation design--The use of contaminant transport simulation combined with nonlinear programming: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 415-427, 3W1963, doi:10.1029/WR020i004p00415.
Stollenwerk, K.G., Breit, G.N., Welch, A.H., Yount, J.C., Whitney, J.W., Foster, A.L., Uddin, M.N., Majumder, R.K., and Ahmed, N., 2007,
Arsenic attenuation by oxidized aquifer sediments in Bangladesh: Science of the Total Environment, v. 379, no. 2-3, p. 133-150, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.029 (Arsenic in the Environment, Biology and Chemistry--Arsenic in the Environment Special Issue, Bhattacharya, P., Welch, A.H., Stollenwerk, K.G., McLaughlin, M.J., Bundschuh, J., and Panaullah, G., eds.).
Davis, J.A., Yabusaki, S.B., Steefel, C.I., Zachara, J.M., Curtis, G.P., Redden, G.P., Criscenti, L.J., and Honeyman, B.D., 2004,
Assessing conceptual models for subsurface reactive transport of inorganic contaminants: Eos, v. 85, no. 44, p. 449-455.
Smith, R.L., Böhlke, J.K., Garabedian, S.P., Revesz, K.M., and Yoshinari, T., 2004,
Assessing denitrification in groundwater using natural gradient tracer tests with 15N--In situ measurement of a sequential multistep reaction: Water Resources Research, v. 40, W07101, doi:10.1029/2003WR002919.
Focazio, M.J., Reilly, T.E., Rupert, M.G., and Helsel, D.R., 2002,
Assessing ground-water vulnerability to contamination--Providing scientifically defensible information for decision makers: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1224, 33 p.
Puls, R.W., Powell, R.M., and Clark, D.A., 1996,
Assessment of colloidal transport in ground water, Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona, in Brown, J.G., and Favor, B., eds., Hydrology and geochemistry of aquifer and stream contamination related to acidic water in Pinal Creek Basin near Globe, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2466, p. 51-60.
Welch, A.H., Stollenwerk, K.G., Breit, G.N., Foster, A.L., Yount, J.C., Whitney, J.W., Uddin, M.N., Alam, M.M., and Islam, M.S., 2006,
Attention of arsenic in Bangledesh sediments--Implications for ground-water development, in Naidu, R., and others, eds., Managing arsenic in the environment--From soil to human health: Collingwood, Australia, CSIRO Publishing, p. 363-377, ISBN:0643068686.
Scott, D.T., Gooseff, M.N., Bencala, K.E., and Runke., R.L., 2003,
Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model--Implications for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 22, no. 4, p. 492-510.

B

Wang, M., 2007,
Bacterial chemotaxis through a sand plug in response to a consumable chemoattractant: Charlottesville, University of Virginia, Department of Chemical Engineering, M.S. Dissertation.
Harvey, R.W., and George, L.H., 1988,
Bacterial distribution and transport in a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. B-25-B-26.
Ryan, J.N., Elimelech, M., Ard, R.A., Harvey, R.W., and Johnson, P.R., 1999,
Bacteriophage PRD1 and silica colloid transport and recovery in an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 1, p. 63-73, doi:10.1021/es980350+.
Pfannkuch, H.O., 1987,
Bulk and distributed parameter mass-transfer models for determination of the source strength at an oil spill/ground-water interface, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. C-11-C-12.

C

Goode, D.J., and Konikow, L.F., 1989,
Can transient flow cause apparent transverse dispersion?, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 644.
LeBlanc, D.R., 2006,
Cape Cod Toxic Substances Hydrology research site--Physical, chemical, and biological processes that control the fate of contaminants in ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3096, 2 p.
Domenico, P.A., and Schwartz, F.W., 1990,
Case study in the application of a numerical model, in Domenico, P.A., and Schwartz, F.W., eds., Physical and chemical hydrogeology: New York, John Wiley and Sons, p. 665-670 (section 17.5), ISBN:047150744X.
Báez-Cazull, S., McGuire, J.T., Cozzarelli, I.M., Raymond, A., and Welsh, L., 2007,
Centimeter-scale characterization of biogeochemical gradients at a wetland-aquifer interface using capillary electrophoresis: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 12, p. 2664-2683, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.003 (Special Issue--Biogeochemical Gradients--Microbes, Measurements, and Modeling, Biogeochemical Gradients: Microbes, Measurements, and Modeling).
Tiedeman, C.R., Hsieh, P.A., and Christian, S.B., 1995,
Characterization of a high-transmissivity zone by well test analysis--Steady state case: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 1, p. 27-37, 94WR01965, doi:10.1029/94WR01965.
Rutledge, A.T., and Helgesen, J.O., 1990,
Characterization of ground-water flow and chemical transport beneath two irrigated fields in south-central Kansas, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4065, 37 p.
Fuller, C.C., Davis, J.A., Coston, J.A., and Dixon, E., 1996,
Characterization of metal adsorption variability in a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A.: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 22, no. 3-4, p. 165-187, doi:10.1016/0169-7722(95)00090-9.
Reddy, M.M., Schuster, P., Kendall, C., and Reddy, M.B., 2006,
Characterization of surface and ground-water ?18O seasonal variation and its use for estimating groundwater residence times: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 8, p. 1753-1772, doi:10.1002/hyp.5953.
Shapiro, A.M., 2001,
Characterizing ground-water chemistry and hydraulic properties of fractured-rock aquifers using the multifunction bedrock-aquifer transportable testing tool (BAT3): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-075-01, 4 p.
Imbrigiotta, T.E., Ehlke, T.A., Martin, M., Koller, D., and Smith, J.A., 1995,
Chemical and biological processes affecting the fate and transport of trichloroethylene in the subsurface at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey: Hydrological Science and Technology, v. 11, no. 1-4, p. 26-50.
Imbrigiotta, T.E., Ehlke, T.A., and Martin, M., 1991,
Chemical evidence of processes affecting the fate and transport of chlorinated solvents in ground water at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 681-688.
Roy, S.B., and Dzombak, D.A., 1997,
Chemical factors influencing colloid-facilitated transport of contaminants in porous media: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 656-664, doi:10.1021/es9600643.
Busenberg, E., Plummer, L.N., Doughten, M.W., Widman, P.K., and Bartholomay, R.C., 2000,
Chemical, isotopic compositions and gas concentrations of ground water at and near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1994-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-81, 55 p.
Bradley, P.M., Richmond, S., and Chapelle, F.H., 2005,
Chloroethene biodegradation in sediments at 4°C: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 71, no. 10, p. 6414-6417, doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.6414-6417.2005.
Ellis, A.S., Johnson, T.M., and Bullen, T.D., 2002,
Chromium isotopes and the fate of hexavalent chromium in the environment: Science, v. 295, no. 5562, p. 2060-2062, doi:10.1126/science.1068368.
Hickey, J.J., 1989,
Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1481-1494.
Puls, R.W., Eychaner, J.H., and Powell, R.M., 1990,
Colloidal-facilitated transport of inorganic contaminants in ground water--Pt. I, Sampling considerations: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Research Brief EPA 600/M-90/023, 11 p.
Böhlke, J.K., and Denver, J.M., 1995,
Combined use of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland: Water Resources Research, v. 31, p. 2319-2339.
Hsieh, P.A., and Cooley, R.L., 1995,
Comment on "Horizontal aquifer movement in a theis-theim confined system, by Donald C. Helm: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3101-3111.
Ewing, R.C., Palenik, C.S., and Konikow, L.F., 2004,
Comment on "Probabilistic risk analysis for a high-level radioactive waste repository" by B.L. Cohen in Risk Analysis, Volume 23, 909-915: Risk Analysis, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1417-1419.
Monsen, N.E., Cloern, J.E., Lucas, L.V., and Monismith, S.G., 2002,
A comment on the use of flushing time, residence time, and age as transport time scales: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1545-1553.
Curtis, G.P., 2003,
Comparison of approaches for simulating reactive solute transport involving organic degradation reactions by multiple terminal electron acceptors: Computers and Geosciences, v. 29, no. 3, p. 319-329, doi:10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00008-6.
Curtis, G.P., Fox, P., Kohler, M., and Davis, J.A., 2004,
Comparison of in situ uranium K D values with a laboratory determined surface complexation model: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, p. 1643-1653, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.03.004.
Warren, E., and Godsy, E.M., 1994,
Comparison of sulfur and nitrogen heterocyclic compound transport in creosote contaminated aquifer material, in Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes--Research, Development, and Field Evaluations: Washington, D.C., Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Research Brief EPA/600/R-94/075, p. 153-157.
Abrams, R.H., and Loague, K., 2000,
A compartmentalized solute transport model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers--1, Theory and development: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 8, p. 2001-2013, 2000WR900110, doi:10.1029/2000WR900110.
Abrams, R.H., and Loague, K., 2000,
A compartmentalized solute transport model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers--2, Field-scale simulations: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 8, p. 2015--2029, 10.1029/2000WR900111, doi:10.1029/2000WR900111.
Davis, J.A., 1984,
Complexation of trace metals by adsorbed natural organic matter: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, p. 679-692.
Grove, D.B., and Stollenwerk, K.G., 1984,
Computer model of one-dimensional equilibrium controlled sorption processes: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4059, 37 p.
Goode, D.J., Hsieh, P.A., Shapiro, A.M., Wood, W.W., and Kraemer, T.F., 1993,
Concentration history during pumping from a leaky aquifer with stratified initial concentration, in Shen, H.W., Su, S.T., and Wen, F., eds., Proceedings of the 1993 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, San Francisco, Calif., July 25-30, 1993: American Society of Civil Engineers, p. 29-35.
Shapiro, A.M., Wood, W.W., Busenberg, E., Drenkard, S., Plummer, L.N., Torgersen, T., and Schlosser, P., 1996,
A conceptual model for estimating regional ground-water velocity in bedrock of the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 171-177.
Harvey, R.W., 1989,
Considerations for modeling transport of bacteria in contaminated aquifers, in Abriola, L.M., ed., Groundwater Contamination, Proceedings of Symposium, Third Scientific Assembly, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, May 10-19, 1989: Wallingsford, England, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Press, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 185, p. 75-82.
Morin, R.H., 2004,
Contaminant transport behavior in sand-and-gravel aquifers based upon the interplay between porosity and hydraulic conductivity, in Proceedings of the 5th International Association of Hydrogeologists Conference, Quebec City, Canada: Association of Hydrogeologists, p. 32-35.
Goode, D.J., Tiedeman, C.R., Lacombe, P.J., Imbrigiotta, T.E., Shapiro, A.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2007,
Contamination in fractured-rock aquifers--Research at the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3074, 2 p.
Moench, A.F., 1989,
Convergent radial dispersion--A Laplace transform solution for aquifer tracer testing: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 3, p. 439-447.
Moench, A.F., 1991,
Convergent radial dispersion--A note on evaluation of the Laplace transform solution: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 12, p. 3261-3264, 91WR02301, doi:10.1029/91WR02301.
Smith, C.N., Brown, D.S., Parrish, D.S., Asmussen, L.E., and Hicks, D.W., 1990,
Cooperative approach for field validating agricultural chemical transport models, in Proceedings of the American Society of Agronomy, San Antonio, Tex.
Curtis, G.P., Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M.J., and Bekins, B.A., 1999,
Coupled biogeochemical modeling of ground water contamination at the Bemidji, Minnesota, crude oil spill site, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 153-158.
Molins, S., and Mayer, K.U., 2007,
Coupling between geochemical reactions and multicomponent gas and solute transport in unsaturated media--A reactive transport modeling study: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 5, W05435, doi:10.1029/2006WR005206.

D

Hunt, R.J., Steuer, J.J., Mansor, M.T.C., and Bullen, T.D., 2001,
Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 5, p. 702-712, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02360.x.
Goodwin, B.L., 1996,
Determination of aquifer dispersivities using small scale natural gradient tracer tests: Worcester, Mass, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, unpublished M.S. thesis, 120 p.
Miller, R.T., 1984,
Determination of hydraulic conductivity in three dimensions and its relation to dispersivity, in Hult, M.F., ed., Ground-Water Contamination by Crude Oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site, U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination Study--Papers presented at the toxic-waste technical meeting, Tucson, Ariz., March 20-24, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-4188, chap. D, p. 49-63.
Pfannkuch, H.O., 1984,
Determination of the contaminant source strength from mass exchange processes at the petroleum-ground-water interface in shallow aquifer systems, in Proceedings of the National Water Well Association/American Petroleum Institute Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water, Houston, Tex., 1984: National Water Well Association, p. 111-129.
Heilweil, V.M., and Hsieh, P.A., 2006,
Determining anisotropic permeability using a simplified Papadopulos method: Ground Water, v. 44, p. 749-753.
Cook, P.G., and Böhlke, J.K., 2000,
Determining timescales for groundwater flow and solute transport, in Cook, P.G., and Herczeg, A., eds., Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 1-30.
Brown, D.W., and Hem, J.D., 1984,
Development of a model to predict the adsorption of lead from solution on a natural streambed sediment: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2187, 35 p.
Wood, W.W., 1996,
Diffusion in solute transport--Three scales of importance, in Stevens, P.R., and Nicholson, T.J., eds., Joint U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Workshop on Research Related to Low-Level Radioactive Disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia, Proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4015, p. 171-174.
LeBlanc, D.R., 1984,
Digital modeling of solute transport in a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, in LeBlanc, D.R., ed., Movement and fate of solutes in a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste Ground-Water Contamination Program--Papers presented at the toxic waste technical meeting, Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-475, p. 11-46.
Bahr, J.M., and Rubin, J., 1987,
Direct comparison of kinetic and local equilibrium formulations for solute transport affected by surface reactions: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 3, p. 438-452.
Friedel, M.J., 2001,
Documentation and verification of VST2D--A model for simulating transient, variably saturated, coupled water-heat-solute transport in heterogeneous, anisotropic, 2-dimensional, ground-water systems with variable fluid density: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4105, 2 fold-in oversize sheets and 124 p.
Hsieh, P.A., and Freckleton, J.R., 1993,
Documentation of a computer program to simulate horizontal-flow barriers using the modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-477, 32 p.
Metge, D.W., Navigato, T.W., Larson, J.E., Ryan, J.N., and Harvey, R.W., 1999,
Dual radioisotope labeling to monitor virus transport and identifying factors affecting viral inactivation in contaminated aquifer sediments from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 423-429.

E

Kent, D.B., Davis, J.A., Anderson, L.C.D., Rea, B.A., and Coston, J.A., 2002,
Effect of adsorbed metal ions on the transport of Zn- and Ni-EDTA complexes in a sand and gravel aquifer: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 66, no. 17, p. 3017-3036, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00908-0.
Abudalo, R.A., Bogatsu, Y.G., Ryan, J.N., Harvey, R.W., Metge, D.W., and Elimelech, M., 2005,
The effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 39, no. 17, p. 6412-6419, doi:10.1021/es050159h.
Harvey, R.W., Mayberry, N., Kinner, N.E., Metge, D.W., and Novarino, F., 2002,
Effect of growth conditions and staining procedure upon the subsurface transport and attachment behaviors of a groundwater protist: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 1872-1881, doi:10.1128/AEM.68.4.1872-1881.2002.
Harvey, R.W., Mayberry, N.A., Kinner, N.E., and Metge, D.W., 1999,
Effect of growth conditions upon the subsurface transport behavior of a ground water protist, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 405-410.
Glynn, P.D., 1991,
Effect of impurities in gypsum on contaminant transport at Pinal Creek, Arizona, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 466-474.
Hicks, D.W., McConnell, J.B., and Asmussen, L.E., 1988,
The effect of infiltration and transport mechanisms on nitrate and chloride concentrations beneath a small watershed near Plains, Georgia, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 638.
Davis, J.A., Kent, D.B., Rea, B.A., Garabedian, S.P., and Anderson, L.D., 1991,
Effect of the geochemical environment on heavy-metal transport in ground water, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 53-62.
Colman, J.A., Masterson, J.P., Pabich, W.J., and Walter, D.A., 2004,
Effects of aquifer travel time on nitrogen transport to a coastal embayment: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 7, p. 1069-1078, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02644.x.
Morin, R.H., and Savage, W.Z., 2003,
Effects of crustal stresses on fluid transport in fractured rock--Case studies from northeastern and southwestern USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 11, no. 1, doi:10.1007/s10040-002-0235-3.
Goddard, S., and Zampino, A., 1995,
The effects of hydraulic conductivity on capture zones of pump and treat systems: Worcester, Mass., Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Dept. of Civil Engineering, unpublished Senior thesis, 85 p.
Miller, R.T., 1987,
Effects of local hydraulic discontinuities on the transport of crude-oil residuals in ground water, Bemidji, Minnesota, research site, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. C-9.
Finton, C.D., and Bair, E.S., 1993,
The effects of scale-dependent permeability values on the characterization of advective transport of solutes at the Ohio MSEA, in Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality--Proceedings of the Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, February 21-24, 1993: Ankeny, Iowa, Soil and Water Conservation Society, p. 215-218.
Böhlke, J.K., Verstraeten, I.M., and Kraemer, T.F., 2007,
Effects of surface-water irrigation on the sources, fluxes, and residence times of water, nitrate, and uranium in an alluvial aquifer: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 1, p. 152-174, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.019.
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