Research and Development of Field Methods

Abraham, J.D., and Lucius, J.E., 2004,

Direct current resistivity profiling to study distribution of water in the unsaturated zone near the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1319, 16 p.

Alpers, C.N., Taylor, H.E., Roth, D.A., Cain, D.J., Ball, J.W., Unruh, D.M., and Deleanis, P.D., 2000,

Study design--Field and laboratory methods, in Alpers, C.N., Taylor, H.E., and Domagalski, J.J., eds., Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-97--Volume 1. Methods and data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4286, p. 19-37.

Alvarez, D.A., Stackelberg, P.E., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., and Meyer, M.T., 2005,

Comparison of a novel passive sampler to standard water-column sampling for organic contaminants associated with wastewater effluents entering a New Jersey stream: Chemosphere, v. 61, no. 5, p. 610-622, doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.023.

Andraski, B.J., Sandstrom, M.W., Michel, R.L., Radyk, J.C., Stonestrom, D.A., Johnson, M.J., and Mayers, C.J., 2003,

Simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 32, no. 3, p. 988-995.

Andraski, B.J., Stonestrom, D.A., Michel, R.L., Halford, K.J., and Radyk, J.C., 2005,

Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 4, p. 819-827, doi:10.2136/vzj2005.0052.

Archfield, S.A., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2005,

Comparison of diffusion- and pumped-sampling methods to monitor volatile organic compounds in ground water, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, July 1999-December 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5010, 53 p.

Babiarz, C.L., Hurley, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Gilmour, C., and Branfireun, B.A., 2003,

Application of ultrafiltration and stable isotopic amendments to field studies of mercury partitioning to filterable carbon in lake water and overland runoff: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 304, no. 1-3, p. 295-303, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00576-4.

Baehr, A.L., Kauffman, L.J., Charles, E.G., Baker, R.J., Stackelberg, P.E., Ayers, M.A., and Zapecza, O.S., 1999,

Sampling throughout the hydrologic cycle to characterize sources of volatile organic compounds in ground water, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 21-35.

Baehr, A.L., Kauffman, L.J., Perkins, K., and Nolan, B.T., 2003,

Estimating spatial variability of recharge in southern New Jersey from unsaturated-zone measurements: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4288, 31 p.

Ball, J.W., 2003,

New cation-exchange method for field speciation of hexavalent chromium: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 006-03, 4 p.

Ball, J.W., and Izbicki, J.A., 2004,

Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in ground water in the western Mojave Desert, California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, p. 1123-1135, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.011.

Ball, J.W., and McCleskey, R.B., 2003,

A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium: Talanta, v. 61, no. 3, p. 305-313, doi:10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00282-0.

Ball, J.W., and McCleskey, R.B., 2003,

A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4018, 17 p.

Ball, J.W., Nordstrom, D.K., McCleskey, R.B., and To, T.B., 1999,

A new method for the direct determination of dissolved Fe(III) concentration in acid mine waters, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 297-304.

Barber, L.B., 2002,

Long term fate of organic micro-pollutants in the subsurface environment, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--From field studies to experimentation, in Aiken, G.R., and Kuniansky, E.L., eds., U.S. Geological Survey artificial Recharge Workshop Proceedings, Sacramento, California, April 2-4, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-89, p. 34-37.

Barber, L.B., Antweiler, R.C., Brown, G.K., Keefe, S.H., Peart, D.B., Plowman, T.I., Roth, D.A., and Taylor, H.E., 2003,

Organic and trace element contaminants in water, biota, sediments, and semi-permeable membrane devices at the Tres Rios Demonstration Wetlands, Phoenix, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4129, 88 p.

Barber, L.B., II, 1987,

Influence of geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer on the transport of nonionic organic solutes--Methods of sediment characterization, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. B-45-B-51.

Belaval, M., Lane, J.W., Jr, Lesmes, D.P., and Kineke, G., 2003,

Continuous-resistivity-profiling for coastal ground-water investigations--three case histories, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP), San Antonio, Texas, April 6-10, 2003: Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. CD-ROM, 14 p.

Bisdorf, R.J., 2002,

Schlumberger soundings at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-0140.

Bisdorf, R.J., 1996,

Schlumberger soundings at the Norman Landfill, Norman, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-668, 45 p.

Bisdorf, R.J., and Lucius, J.E., 1999,

Mapping the Norman, Oklahoma, landfill contaminant plume using electrical geophysics, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 579-584.

Blevins, D.W., Wilkison, D.H., Silva, S.R., and Kelly, B.P., 1996,

Use of 15N to trace movement of nitrogen fertilizer at a field plot, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 401-409.

Brown, C.E., 1986,

Determination of rock properties by borehole geophysical and physical testing techniques and ground-water quality and movement, Durham Triassic Basin, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1432, 86 p.

Brumbaugh, W.G., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N., and Manahan, S.E., 1999,

Development of a passive integrative sampler for labile metals in water, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 93-98.

Buchwalter, D.B., Cain, D.J., Clements, W.H., and Luoma, S.N., 2007,

Using biodynamic models to reconcile differences between laboratory toxicity tests and field biomonitoring with aquatic insects: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. 13, p. 4,821-4,828, doi:10.1021/es070464y.

Busenberg, E., and Plummer, L.N., 1992,

Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as hydrologic tracers and age-dating tools--The alluvium and terrace system of central Oklahoma: Water Resources Research, v. 28, p. 2257-2283, 92WR01263, doi:10.1029/92WR01263.

Busenberg, E., and Plummer, L.N., 1991,

Chloroflurocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2)--Use as an age-dating tool and hydrologic tracer in shallow ground-water streams, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 542-547.

Busenberg, E., and Plummer, L.N., 1987,

pH measurement of low-conductivity waters: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4060, 22 p.

Busenberg, E., Plummer, L.N., Cook, P.G., Solomon, D.K., Han, L.F., Gröning, M., and Oster, H., 2006,

Sampling and analytical methods (chapter 12), in IAEA, ed., Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 199-220.

Buszka, P.M., Barber, L.B., II, Schroeder, M.P., and Becker, L.D., 1994,

Determination of organic compounds downstream from a treated-wastewater discharge near Dallas, Texas, March 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4194, 19 p.

Buursink, M.L., and Lane, J.W., Jr, 1999,

Characterizing fractures in a bedrock outcrop using ground-penetrating radar at Mirror Lake, Grafton County, New Hampshire, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 769-776.

Buursink, M.L., Lane, J.W., Jr., Clement, W.P., and Knoll, M.D., 2002,

Use of vertical-radar profiling to estimate porosity at two New England sites and comparison with neutron log porosity, in Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Proceedings, Las Vegas, Nevada, February 10-14, 2002: Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society , CD-ROM, 12 p.

Carmody, R.W., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., and Coplen, T.B., 1998,

Methods for collection of dissolved sulfate and sulfide and analysis of their sulfur isotopic composition: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-234, 91 p.

Carter, J.L., and Resh, V.H., 2001,

After site selection and before data analysis--sampling, sorting, and laboratory procedures used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring programs by USA state agencies: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 20, no. 4, p. 658-682.

Chalmers, A., Nilles, M.A., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Prestbo, E., 2005,

Analysis of mercury wet-deposition data collected with a newly designed sampler, Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area, 2002-04: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1368, 17 p.

Chapin, T.P., Nimick, D.A., Gammons, C.H., and Wanty, R.B., 2007,

Diel cycling of zinc in a stream impacted by acid rock drainage--Initial results from a new in situ Zn analyzer: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 133, no. 1-3, p. 161-167, doi:10.1007/s10661-006-9569-y.

Chapin, T.P., and Wanty, R., 2005,

Development of a solenoid pumped in situ zinc analyzer for environmental monitoring: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 543, no. 1-2, p. 199-208, doi:10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.046.

Church, P.E., Vroblesky, D.A., Lyford, F.P., and Willey, R.E., 2002,

Guidance on the use of passive-vapor-diffusion samplers to detect volatile organic compounds in ground-water-discharge areas, and example applications in New England: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4186, 79 p.

Cleasby, T.E., Nimick, D.A., and Kimball, B.A., 2000,

Quantification of metal loads by tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods in Cataract Creek, Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4237, 39 p.

Constantz, J., Cox, M.H., Sarma, L., and Mendez, G., 2003,

The Santa Clara River--The last natural river of Los Angeles, in Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, J., eds., Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1260, p. 21-27.

Constantz, J., Cox, M.H., and Su, G.W., 2003,

Comparison of heat and bromide as ground-water tracers near streams: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 5, p. 647-656, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02403.x.

Constantz, J., Jasperse, J., Seymour, D., and Su, G.W., 2003,

Heat tracing in the streambed along the Russian River of northern California, in Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, J., eds., Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1260, p. 17-20.

Constantz, J., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2003,

Heat as a tracer of water movement near streams, in Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, J., eds., Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1260, p. 1-6.

Constantz, J., Su, G.W., and Hatch, C., 2006,

Heat as a ground water tracer at the Russian River RBF facility, Sonoma County, California, in Hubbs, S.A., ed., Riverbank Filtration Hydrology: Dordrecht, Springer, p. 243-259, ISBN:978-1-4020-3937-9.

Constantz, J., and Thomas, C.L., 1997,

Stream bed temperature profiles as indicators of percolation characteristics beneath arroyos in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 12, p. 1621-1634, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19971015)11:12<1621::AID-HYP493>3.0.CO;2-X.

Constantz, J., and Thomas, C.L., 1996,

The use of streambed temperature profiles to estimate the depth, duration, and rate of percolation beneath arroyos: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 12, p. 3597-3602, 96WR03014, doi:10.1029/96WR03014.

Constantz, J., Tyler, S., and Kwicklis, E., 2003,

Temperature-profile methods for estimating percolation rates in arid environments: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 2, no. 1, p. 12-24, doi:10.2113/2.1.12.

Constantz, J.E., Stonestrom, D.A., Stewart, A.E., Niswonger, R.G., and Smith, T.R., 2001,

Analysis of streambed temperatures in ephemeral channels to determine streamflow frequency and duration: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 2, p. 317-328, 2000WR900271, doi:10.1029/2000WR900271.

Costa, J.E., Cheng, R.T., Haeni, F.P., Melcher, N., Spicer, K.R., Hayes, E., Plant, W., Hayes, K., Teague, C., and Barrick, D., 2006,

Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 7, W07422, doi:10.1029/2005WR004430.

Curwick, P.B., 1988,

Use of dye tracing techniques to determine mixing and circulation in the loops and lakes of the lower Calcasieu River, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 67-70.

Dawson, C.B., Lane, J.W., Jr., White, E.A., and Belaval, M., 2002,

Integrated geophysical characterization of the Winthrop Landfill southern flow path, Winthrop, Maine, in Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Las Vegas, Nevada, February 10-14, 2002: Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. CD-ROM, 22 p.

Day-Lewis, F.D., Hsieh, P.A., and Gorelick, S.M., 2000,

Identifying fracture-zone geometry using simulated annealing and hydraulic-connection data: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 7, p. 1707-1721, 2000WR900073, doi:10.1029/2000WR900073.

Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane Jr., J.W., Harris, J.M., and Gorelick, S.M., 2003,

Time-lapse imaging of saline-tracer transport in fractured rock using difference-attenuation radar tomography: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 10, 1290, doi:10.1029/2002WR001722.

Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane Jr., J.W., Hsieh, P.A., and Gorelick, S.M., 2001,

Characterization of fractured-rock aquifers using radar, tracer, and hydraulic data, in Fractured Rock 2001 Conference, Proceedings, Toronto, Ontario, March 26-28, 2001: CD-ROM.

Delin, G.N., and Herkelrath, W.N., 2005,

Use of soil moisture probes to estimate ground water recharge at an oil spill site: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1259-1277, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03799.x.

Demcheck, D.K., 1988,

Field equipment and techniques for sampling metals and organic compounds in the lower Calcasieu River, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 71-72.

Duff, J.H., Murphy, F., Fuller, C.C., Triska, F.J., Harvey, J.W., and Jackman, A.P., 1998,

A mini drive point sampler for measuring pore water solute concentrations in the hyporheic zone of sand-bottom streams: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1378-1383.

Ellefsen, K.J., and Leith, W., 1999,

Processing of seismic tomography data collected at Tunnel 160, Degelen Mountain, Kazakhstan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-532, 17 p.

Ellefsen, K.J., and Wright, D.L., 2005,

Radiation pattern of a borehole radar antenna: Geophysics, v. 70, no. 1, p. K1-K11, doi:10.1190/1.1852779.

Ellis, G.S., and Rostad, C.E., 1996,

Isolation of lipophilic organic contaminants along the upper Mississippi River using a semipermeable membrane device, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 381-383.

Fickin, J.H., Sonntag, W.H., and Boettcher, A.J., 1988,

Recent developments in downhole samplers for organic and volatile compounds in ground water, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. F-5-F-8.

Fischer, J.M., Baker, R.J., Lahvis, M.A., and Baehr, A.L., 1996,

Determination of vapor-phase diffusion coefficients for unsaturated-zone sediments at a gasoline-spill site in Galloway Township, New Jersey, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 35-41.

Friefeld, B.M., Trautz, R.C., Kharaka, Y.K., Phelps, T.J., Myer, L.R., Hovarka, S.D., and Collins, D.J., 2005,

The U-tube--A novel system for acquiring borehole fluid samples from a deep geologic CO₂ sequestration experiment: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 110, B10203, doi:10.1029/2005JB003735.

Gartner, J.W., Cheng, R.T., Wang, P.F., and Richter, K., 2001,

Laboratory and field evaluations of the LISST-100 instrument for suspended particle size determinations: Marine Geology, v. 175, no. 1-4, p. 199-219, doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00137-2.

Gee, G.W., Ward, A.L., Caldwell, T.G., and Ritter, J.C., 2002,

A vadose zone water fluxmeter with divergence control: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 8, p. 16-1 to 16-7, doi:10.1029/2001WR000816.

Gibs, J., Brown, G.A., and Turner, K.S., 1991,

Use of a multilevel sampler to determine vertical concentration gradients of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in ground water, Galloway Township, New Jersey, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 268-275.

Gibs, J., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1989,

Comparison of well-purging criteria for sampling purgeable organic compounds, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 495-500.

Gibs, J., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1988,

An evaluation of field-determined characteristics used as water-quality indicators during aquifer sampling for purgeable organic compounds, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic-Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. F-19.

Gibs, J., Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Turner, K., 1990,

Bibliography on sampling ground water for organic compounds: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-564, 22 p.

Granato, G.E., and Smith, K.P., 2002,

Robowell--Providing accurate and current water-level and water-quality data in real time for protecting ground-water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-053-02, 6 p.

Granato, G.E., and Smith, K.P., 1999,

Robowell--A reliable and accurate automated data-collection process applied to reactive-wall monitoring at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 447-455.

Graydon, J.A., St. Louis, V.L., Lindberg, S.E., Hintelmann, H., and P.Krabbenhoft, D., 2006,

Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 15, p. 4680-4688, doi:10.1021/es0604616.

Grégoire, C., Joesten, P.K., and Lane, J.W., 2007,

Use of borehole-radar methods to monitor a steam-enhanced remediation pilot study at a quarry at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5191, 35 p.

Grégoire, C., Joesten, P.K., and Lane, J.W., Jr., 2006,

Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 60, no. 1, p. 41-54, doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.12.006.

Grégoire, C., Joesten, P.K., and Lane, J.W., Jr., 2006,

Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 60, no. 1, p. 41-54, doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.12.006.

Groffman, P.M., Altabet, M.A., Böhlke, J.K., Butterbach-Bahl, K., David, M.B., Firestone, M.K., Giblin, A.E., Kana, T.M., Nielsen, L.P., and Voytek, M.A., 2006,

Methods for measuring denitrification--Diverse approaches to a difficult problem: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2091-2122, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2091:MFMDDA]2.0.CO;2.

Haeni, F.P., Lane, J.W., Williams, J.W., and Johnson, C.D., 2001,

Use of a geophysical toolbox to characterize ground-water flow in fractured rock, in Fractured Rock 2001 Conference, Proceedings, Toronto, Ontario, March 26-28, 2001: CD-ROM.

Harvey, J.W., 1993,

Measurement of variation in soil-solute tracer concentration across a range of effective pore sizes: Water Resources Research, v. 29, p. 1831-1837, 93WR00529, doi:10.1029/93WR00529.

Harvey, R.W., Harms, H., and Landkamer, L., 2007,

Transport of microorganisms in the terrestrial subsurface--In situ and laboratory methods, in Hurst, C.J., and others, eds., Manual of Environmental Microbiology (3rd ed.): Washington, D.C., ASM Press, v. VI, ISBN:978-1-55581-379-6.

Heilweil, V.M., Solomon, D.K., Perkins, K.S., and Ellett, K.M., 2004,

Gas-partitioning tracer test to qualify trapped gas during recharge: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 4, p. 589-600, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02627.x.

Hess, A.E., 1993,

A wireline-powered inflatable packer for borehole applications: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-485, 19 p.

Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Hooper, R.C., 1989,

A comparison of instrumental dewatering methods for the separation and concentration of suspended sediments, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Ariz., September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 495-500.

Hsieh, P.A., 1993,

Some experience gained from using packers and transducers in ground-water investigations of crystalline-rock aquifers, in Latkovich, V.J., ed., Proceedings of a pressure transducer-packer workshop, June 25-28, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-71, p. 5-7.

Hsieh, P.A., and Neuman, S.P., 1985,

Field determination of the three dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of anisotropic media--1, Theory: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1655-1665, 5W4072, doi:10.1029/WR021i011p01655.

Hsieh, P.A., Shlomo, S.P., Stiles, G.K., and Simpson, E.S., 1985,

Field determination of the three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of anisotropic media--2, Methodology and application to fractured rocks: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1667-1676, 5W4073, doi:10.1029/WR021i011p01667.

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Comparison of dialysis membrane diffusion samplers and two purging methods in bedrock wells, in Gavaskar, A.R., and Chen, A.S.C., eds., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, Calif., May 20-23, 2002: Columbus, Ohio, Battelle Press (CD), (Contact The Conference Group Inc. for information on the availability of the proceedings.).

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Shuter, E., and Teasdale, W.E., 1986,

Applications of drilling, coring and sampling techniques to test holes and wells: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 2, sec. F, chap. 1, 97 p.

Silva, S.R., Kendall, C., Wilkison, D.H., Ziegler, A.C., Chang, C.C., and Avanzino, R.J., 2000,

A new method for collection of nitrate from fresh water and analysis for nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios: Journal of Hydrology, v. 228, p. 22-36.

Singa, K., and Gorelick, S.M., 2005,

Saline tracer visualized with three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography--Field scale spatial moment analysis: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, doi:10.1029/2004WR003460.

Singha, K., Binley, A.M., Gorelick, S.M., and Lane, J.W., Jr, 2003,

Electrical imaging of tracer migration at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP), San Antonio, Texas, April 6-10, 2003: Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. CD-ROM, 11 p.

Singha, K., and Gorelick, S.M., 2005,

Saline tracer visualized with electrical resistivity tomography--Field scale spatial moment analysis: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, W05023, doi:10.1029/2004WR003460.

Singha, K., Kimball, K., and Lane, J.W., 2000,

Borehole-radar methods--Tools for characterization of fractured rock: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-054-00, 4 p.

Sloto, R.A., 1996,

Sampling borehole flow to quantify aquifer cross-contamination by volatile organic compounds, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 361-368.

Smith, D.V., and Brown, P.J., 2002,

Advances in directional borehole radar data analysis and visualization, in Koppenjan, S., and Lee, H., eds., Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Santa Barbara, California, April 29-May 2, 2002: The University of California, Santa Barbara and Bechtel Nevada/Special Technologies Laboratory, p. 1-5.

Smith, J.A., Cho, H.J., Jaffe, P.R., MacLeod, C.L., and Koehnlein, S.A., 1991,

Comparison of four methods for sampling and analyzing unsaturated-zone water for trichloroethene at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 708-712.

Smith, L.K., Voytek, M.A., Böhlke, J.K., and Harvey, J.W., 2006,

Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams--Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2191-2207, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2191:DINSAO]2.0.CO;2.

Sonntag, W.H., 1987,

Comparative test of two sampling devices for obtaining purgeable organic compounds from ground-water wells, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. E-7-E-9.

Stannard, D.I., 1997,

Energy-budget eddy-correlation technique, in Czarnecki, J.B., ed., Geohydrology and evapotranspiration at Franklin Lake playa, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2377, p. 25-35.

Stannard, D.I., Rosenberry, D.O., Winter, T.C., and Parkhurst, R.S., 2004,

Estimates of fetch-induced errors in Bowen-ratio energy-budget measurements of evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota, USA: Wetlands, v. 24, no. 3, p. 498-513.

Stannard, D.I., and Weaver, H.L., 1995,

Measurements of evapotranspiration, surface energy fluxes, weather variables, and water-table depths in the closed basin of the San Luis Valley, Alamosa County, Colorado, 1985-88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-639, 61 p.

Stannard, D.I., and Weltz, M.A., 2006,

Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber: Water Resources Research, v. 42, W02413, doi:10.1029/2005WR004251.

Stonestrom, D.A., Abraham, J.D., Andraski, B.J., Baker, R.J., Mayers, C.J., Michel, R.L., Prudic, D.E., Striegl, R.G., and Walvoord, M.A., 2004,

Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone--Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada, in Workshop on Long-term Performance Monitoring of Metals and Radionuclides in the Subsurface, Reston, Virginia, April 21-22, 2004: Florida State University, Tallahassee.

Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, J., 2004,

Using temperature to study stream-ground water exchanges: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3010, 4 p.

Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, J., 2003,

Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1260, 96 p.

Tai, D.Y., 1989,

Use of a standpipe to evaluate ground-water samplers, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 632.

Tarte, S.R., Schmidt, A.R., and Sullivan, D.J., 1992,

Floating sample-collection platform with stage-activited automatic water sampler for streams with large variation in stage: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-149, 14 p.

Thomas, C.L., Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J., 2000,

Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4141, 31 p.

Thomas, C.L., Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J., 1999,

Comparison of methods to determine infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico, in Bartolino, J.R., ed., U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-203, p. 75-76.

Tiedeman, C.R., and Hsieh, P.A., 2001,

Assessing an open-well aquifer test in fractured crystalline rock: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 1, p. 68-78, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb00352.x.

Tiedeman, C.R., and Hsieh, P.A., 1999,

Analysis of an open-hole aquifer test in fractured crystalline rock, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 783-793.

Tiedeman, C.R., Hsieh, P.A., and Christian, S.B., 1995,

Characterization of a high-transmissivity zone by well test analysis--Steady state case: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 1, p. 27-37, 94WR01965, doi:10.1029/94WR01965.

To, T.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Cunningham, K.M., Ball, J.W., and McCleskey, R.B., 1999,

A new method for the direct determination of dissolved Fe(III) concentration in acid mine waters: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 5, p. 807-813, doi:10.1021/es980684z.

Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Blanken, P.D., Baugh, W.M., and Monson, R.K., 2003,

Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain. Part 1--Canopy and local effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 119, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00136-9.

Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D.E., Burns, S., Blanken, P.D., and Monson, R.K., 2004,

Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain, Part 2--Mesoscale effects: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 125, p. 187-205, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.04.007.

Verstraeten, I.M., Steele, G.V., Böhlke, J.K., Kraemer, T.F., Wilson, K.E., and Carnes, A.E., 2001,

Selected field and analytical methods and analytical results in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-413, 53 p.

Vroblesky, D.A., Nietch, C.T., and Morris, J.T., 1999,

Chlorinated ethenes from ground water in tree trunks, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 607-614.

Wagner, B.J., and Harvey, J.W., 1999,

Evaluating the ability of tracer tests to quantify reactive solute transport in stream-aquifer systems, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 201-209.

Weeks, E.P., 1996,

Problems of field identification of preferential flow through fractured media, in Stevens, P.R., and Nicholson, J.J., eds., Joint U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission workshop on research related to low-level radioactive waste disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia; Proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4015, p. 96-102.

Weiss, J.V., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2008,

Biodegradation in contaminated aquifers--Incorporating microbial/molecular methods: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 2, p. 305-322, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00409.x.

Williams, J.H., and Johnson, C.D., 2004,

Acoustic and optical borehole-wall imaging for fractured-rock aquifer studies: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 151-159, doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2003.06.009.

Williams, J.H., Lacombe, P.J., Johnson, C.D., and Paillet, F.L., 2007,

Cross-borehole flow tests and insights into hydraulic connections in fractured mudstone and sandstone, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP 2007), Denver, Colorado, April 1-5, 2007: Denver, Colo., Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. 1140-1152 (CD-ROM).

Williams, J.H., Lane, J.W., Jr., Singha, K., and Haeni, F.P., 2002,

Application of advanced geophysical logging methods in the characterization of a fractured-sedimentary bedrock aquifer, Vertura County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4083, 28 p.

Witten, A., and Lane, J., 2003,

Offset vertical radar profiling: The Leading Edge (newsletter by The Society of Exploration Geophysicists), v. 22, no. 11, p. 1070-1076.

Wood, W.W., 2005,

Nanobots--A new paradigm for hydrogeologic characterization?: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 4, p. 462, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0079.x.

Wood, W.W., and Sanford, W.E., 1995,

Chemical and isotopic methods for quantifying ground-water recharge in a regional, semi-arid environment: Ground Water, v. 33, no. 3, p. 458-468.

Wright, D.L., Smith, D.V., Abraham, J.D., Hutton, R.S., Bond, E.K., Chi, T.J., Alaeddin, A.A., and Chew, W.C., 2000,

Imaging and modeling new VETEM data, in Noon, D.A., Stickley, G.F., and Longstaff, D., eds., Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, May 23-26, 2000: University of Queensland, Cooperative Research Centre for Sensor Signal and Information Processing (CSSIP), p. 146-150.

Zielinski, R.A., Rice, C.A., and Otton, J.K., 2003,

Use of soil extracts to define the extent of brine-impacted soils and bedrock at oil production site "B", Osage-Skiatook Project, northeastern Oklahoma, in Sublette, K., ed., 9th International Petroleum Environmental Conference Special Session--Fate and Transport of Brine and Hydrocarbon Releases in Soils and Water, Northeast Oklahoma, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 22-25, 2002: IPEC, p. 12 pages.

Zimmerman, L.R., Thurman, E.M., and Bastian, K.C., 2000,

Detection of persistent organic pollutants in the Mississippi Delta using semipermeable membrane devices: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 169-179, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00540-9.

Zimmerman, L.R., Thurman, E.M., and Bastian, K.C., 1999,

Detection of persistent organic pollutants in the Mississippi Delta using semipermeable membrane devices, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 367-379.

There are 206 on-line publications in this section of the bibliography. The Toxics Bibliographic Data Base was last updated on 5/15/08.

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