Development of Analytical Methods to Detect Contaminants in Environmental Samples

Aga, D.S., 1995,

Analytical applications of immunoassays in environmental and agricultural chemistry--study of the fate and transport of herbicides: Lawrence, University of Kansas, Department of Chemistry, Ph.D. thesis, 220 p.

Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1997,

Environmental Immunoassays--Alternative techniques for soil and water analysis, in Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Immunochemical technology for environmental applications: Washington D.C., American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 657, p. 1-20.

Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1995,

Application of solid-phase extraction (SPE) for ultratrace analysis of herbicides in water and soil by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in Kurtz, D.A., Skerritt, J.H., and Stanker, L., eds., Agrochemical Immunoanalysis-93: Arlington, Va., AOAC International, p. 317.

Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1993,

Coupling solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ultratrace determination of herbicides in pristine water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, no. 20, p. 2894-2898.

Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., and Pomes, M.L., 1996,

Measurement of concentrations of alachlor and its ethanesulfonic acid metabolite in water by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 385-392.

Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., and Pomes, M.L., 1994,

Determination of alachlor and its sulfonic acid metabolite in water by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: Analytical Chemistry, v. 66, no. 9, p. 1495-1499.

Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., eds., 1997,

Immunochemical technology for environmental applications: American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 657, 396 p.

Aiken, G.R., 1992,

Chloride interference in the analysis of dissolved organic carbon by the wet oxidation method: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2435-2439 (Scroll down pdf for abstract), doi:10.1021/es00036a015.

Antweiler, R.C., Patton, C.J., and Taylor, H.E., 1993,

Automated, colorimetric methods for determination of nitrate plus nitrite, ammonium and orthophosphate ions in nautral water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-638, 40 p.

Baesman, S.M., and Miller, L.G., 2005,

Laboratory determination of the carbon kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for reactions of methyl halides with various nucleophiles in solution: Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, v. 52, p. 203-219, doi:10.1007/s10874-005-1904-0.

Baker, R.J., Fischer, J.M., Smith, N.P., Koehnlein, S.A., and Baehr, A.L., 1991,

Gas-chromatographic methods for determining the composition of the vapor phase in gasoline-contaminated soils, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 280-286.

Ball, J.W., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1994,

A comparison of simultaneous plasma, atomic absorption, and iron colormetric techniques for the determination of major and trace constituents in acid mine waters: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4122, 151 p.

Barber, L.B., 2003,

Characterization of dissolved organic matter by concentration, fractionation, and molecular weight determination (Chapter 8), in Schroeder, R.A., ed., Water-quality changes and organic-carbon characterization during recharge with recycled water at a research basin in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles, California, 1991-1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4146, p. 78-88.

Barber, L.B., Brown, G.K., Writer, J.H., and Zaugg, S.A., 1998,

Analysis of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage effluents using continuous liquid-liquid extraction with derivatization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Proceedings of the American Chemical Society National Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, August 23-27, 1998: v. 38, p. 273-275.

Barber, L.B., II, Lewis, J.A., Schroeder, M.P., and Gibs, J., 1989,

Applicability of conventional methods for analysis of trace-level organic contaminants in natural waters, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 613.

Barber, L.B., II, Thurman, E.M., and Schroeder, M.P., 1984,

Closed-loop stripping combined with capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis to define a semi-volatile organic contaminant plume, in LeBlanc, D.R., ed., Movement and fate of solutes in a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste Ground-Water Contamination Program--Papers presented at the toxic waste technical meeting, Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-475, p. 89-114.

Barber, L.B., II, Thurman, E.M., Takahashi, Y., and Noriega, M.C., 1992,

Comparison of purge and trap GC/MS and purgeable organic chloride analysis for monitoring volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons: Ground Water, v. 30, no. 6, p. 836-848, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01565.x.

Bastian, K.C., Thurman, E.M., and Rebich, R.A., 1998,

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunoassay with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for analysis of the cotton herbicide fluometuron, in 28th Mississippi Water Resources Conference, Proceedings, Raymond, Mississippi, April 7-8, 1998: Starkville, Miss., Mississippi State University, p. 45-55.

Böhlke, J.K., Smith, R.L., and Hannon, J.E., 2007,

Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N₂O: Analytical Chemistry, v. 79, no. 15, p. 5888-5895, doi:10.1021/ac070176k.

Borrok, D.M., Wanty, R.B., Ridly, W.I., Wolf, R., Lamothe, P.J., and Adams, M., 2007,

Separation of copper, iron, and zinc from complex aqueous solutions for isotopic measurement: Chemical Geology, v. 242, no. 3-4, p. 400-414, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.004.

Brand, W.A., Coplen, T.B., Aerts-Bijma, A.T.A., Böhlke, J.K., Gehre, M., Geilman, H., Gröning, M., Jansen, H.G., Meijer, H.A.J., Mroczkowski, S.J., Qi, H., Soergel, K., Stuart-Williams, H., Weise, S.M., and Werner, R.A., 2009,

Comprehensive inter-laboratory calibration of reference materials for δ¹⁸O versus VSMOW using various on-line high-temperature conversion techniques: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 23, no. 7, p. 999-1,019, doi:10.1002/rcm.3958.

Brinton, T.I., Antweiler, R.C., and Taylor, H.E., 1996,

Method for the determination of dissolved chloride, nitrate and sulfate in natural water using ion chromatography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-426-A, 16 p.

Brown, G.K., Zaugg, S.D., and Barber, L.B., 1999,

Wastewater analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 431-435.

Buchmiller, R.C., 1988,

Use of gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector to identify organic substances in ground water, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. F-17.

Burkhardt, M.R., ReVello, R.C., Smith, S.G., and Zaugg, s.D., 2005,

Pressurized liquid extraction using water/isopropanol coupled with solid-phase extraction cleanup for industrial and anthropogenic waste-indicator compounds in sediment: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 534, no. 1, p. 89-100, doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.023.

Burkhardt, M.R., Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., and ReVello, R.C., 2006,

Determination of wastewater compounds in sediment and soil by pressurized solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec. B, chap. 2, 33 p.

Busenberg, E., and Plummer, L.N., 2010,

A rapid method for the measurement of sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride (SF₅CF₃), and Halon 1211 (CF₂ClBr) in hydrologic tracer studies: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 11, no. 11, doi:10.1029/2010gc003312.

Busenberg, E., Plummer, L.N., Cook, P.G., Solomon, D.K., Han, L.F., Gröning, M., and Oster, H., 2006,

Sampling and analytical methods (chapter 12), in IAEA, ed., Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 199-220.

Cahill, J.D., 2000,

Determination of human pharmaceuticals in surface water using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: University of Colorado at Denver, unpublished MS thesis, 112 p.

Cahill, J.D., Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., Kolpin, D.W., and Anderson, L.G., 2004,

Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in surface- and ground-water samples by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1041, no. 1-2, p. 171-180, doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.005.

Capel, P.D., and Barbeau, D.S., 1991,

Method for the systematic evaluation of organic chemical retention by solid-phase-extraction columns, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 330-333.

Christian, T., Schneider, R.J., Barber, H.A., Skutlarek, D., Meyer, M.T., and Goldbach, H.E., 2003,

Determination of antibiotic residues in manure, soil, and surface waters: Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, v. 31, no. 1, p. 36-44.

Church, C.D., Isabelle, L.M., Pankow, J.F., Rose, D.L., and Tratnyek, P.G., 1997,

Method for determination of methyl tert-butyl ether and its degradation products in water: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3723-3726, doi:10.1021/es9705452.

Coplen, T.B., Böhlke, J.K., and Casciotti, K.L., 2004,

Using dual bacterial denitrification to improve δ¹⁵N determinations of nitrates containing mass independent ¹⁷O: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 18, p. 245-250, doi:10.1002/rcm.1318.

Coplen, T.B., and Haiping, Q., 2010,

Applying the silver-tube introduction method for thermal conversion elemental analyses and a new delta²H value for NBS 22 oil: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 24, no. 15, p. 2,269-2,276, doi:10.1002/rcm.4638.

Coplen, T.B., and Qi, H., 2010,

Caution on the use of liquid nitrogen traps in stable hydrogen isotope-ratio mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 82, no. 18, p. 7849-7851, doi:10.1021/ac101570f.

Coplen, T.B., and Qi, H., 2009,

Quality assurance and quality control in light stable isotope laboratories--A case study of Rio Grande, Texas, water samples: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 45, no. 2, p. 126-134, doi:10.1080/10256010902871952.

Coston, J.A., Kent, D.B., and Abrams, R.H., 1998,

Methods of analysis of selected inorganic solutes, in Savoie, J., and LeBlanc, D.R., eds., Water-quality data and methods of analysis for samples collected near a plume of sewage-contaminated ground water, Ashumet Valley, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4269, p. 19-21.

Crepeau, K.L., Baker, L.M., and Kuivila, K.M., 2000,

Method of analysis and quality assurance practices for determination of pesticides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry at the U.S. Geological Survey California District organic chemistry laboratory, 1996-1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-229, 19 p.

Crepeau, K.L., Domagalski, J.L., and Kuivila, K.M., 1994,

Methods of analysis and quality assurance practices of the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Laboratory, Sacramento, California--Determination of pesticides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gaschromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-362, 17 p.

Dankwardt, A., Thurman, E.M., and Hock, B., 1997,

Terbuthylazine and deethylterbuthylazine in rain and surface water--Determination by enzyme immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, v. 1, p. 5-10.

Dankwardt, A., Wust, S., Elling, W., Thurman, E.M., and Hock, B., 1994,

Determination of atrazine in rainfall and surface water in Germany by enzyme immunoassay: Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 1, no. 4, p. 196-204.

DeWild, J.F., Olson, M.L., and Olund, S.D., 2002,

Determination of methyl mercury by aqueous phase ethylation, followed by gas chromatographic separation with cold vapor atomic fluorescence detection: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-445, 14 p.

DiFilippo, E.L., and Eganhouse, R.P., 2010,

Assessment of PDMS-Water partition coefficients--Implications for passive environmental sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 18, p. 6917-6925, doi:10.1021/es101103x.

Dittman, J.A., Shanley, J.B., Driscoll, C.T., Aiken, G.R., Chalmers, A.T., and Towse, J.E., 2009,

Ultraviolet absorbance as a proxy for total dissolved mercury in streams: Environmental Pollution, v. 157, no. 6, p. 1953-1956, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.031.

Dombrowski, T.R., Thurman, E.M., and Mohrman, G.B., 1997,

Evaluation of immunoassay for the determination of pesticides at a large-scale groundwater contamination site, in Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Immunochemical technology for environmental applications: Washington D.C., American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 657, p. 221-233.

Dombrowski, T.R., Wilson, G.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1998,

Investigation of anion-exchange and immunoaffinity particle-loaded membranes for the isolation of charged organic analytes from water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 70, no. 9, p. 1969-1978, doi:10.1021/ac971081t.

Eganhouse, R.P., Dorsey, T.F., Phinney, C.S., and Westcott, A.M., 1993,

Determination of C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons in water by purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography: Journal of Cromatography, v. 628, p. 81-92.

Eganhouse, R.P., Pontolillo, J., Gaines, R.B., Frysinger, G.S., Gabriel, F.L.P., Kohler, H.-P.E., Giger, W., and Barber, L.B., 2009,

Isomer-specific determination of 4-nonylphenols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 43, no. 24, p. 9306-9313, doi:10.1021/es902622r.

Everett, C.R., Chin, Y.-P., and Aiken, G., 1999,

High pressure size exclusion chromatography analysis of dissolved organic matter isolated by tangential-flow ultrafiltration: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 44, no. 5, p. 1316-1322.

Feltz, H.R., Lewis, J.A., and Cardinali, F.L., 1988,

Application of the gas chromatographic/flame ionization detector analysis, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. F-1-F-15.

Ferrer, I., Barber, L.B., and Thurman, E.M., 2009,

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric fragmentation study of phytoestrogens as their trimethylsilyl derivatives--Identification in soy milk and wastewater samples: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1216, no. 32, p. 6024-6032, doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.042.

Ferrer, I., Barcelo, D., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 714-718, doi:10.1021/es990462g.

Ferrer, I., Barcelo, D., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Double-disk solid-phase extraction--Simultaneous cleanup and trace enrichment of herbicides and metabolites from environmental samples: Analytical Chemistry, v. 71, no. 5, p. 1009-1015, doi:10.1021/ac980975q.

Ferrer, I., Furlong, E.T., and Thurman, E.M., 2003,

Identification of homologue unknowns in wastewater by ion trap MSn, in Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry MS/MS and Time-of-Flight MS-- Analysis of Emerging Contaminants (Orlando meeting): American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 376-393.

Ferrer, I., Schroeder, H.F., and Furlong, E.T., 2003,

LC/MS analyses of cationic surfactants--Methods and applications, in Knepper, T.P., Barcelo, D., and de Voogt, P., eds., Analysis and Fate of Surfactants in the Aquatic Environment: Amsterdam, Elsevier, v. XL of the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Series, p. 353-383.

Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., 2003,

Analysis of emerging contaminants, in Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time of Flight MS--Analysis of Emerging Contaminants (Orlando meeting): American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 2-13.

Ferrer, I., Thurman, E.M., and Barcelo, D., 1997,

Identification of ionic chloroacetanilide-herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater by HPLC/MS using negative ion spray: Analytical Chemistry, v. 69, no. 22, p. 4547-4553, doi:10.1021/ac9704671.

Foreman, W.T., and Foster, G.D., 1991,

Isolation of multiple classes of pesticides from large-volume water samples using solid phase extraction cartridges, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 530-533.

Foreman, W.T., Zaugg, S.D., Faires, L.M., Werner, M.G., Leiker, T.J., and Rogerson, P.F., 1992,

Analytical interferences of mercuric chloride preservative in environmental water samples--Determination of organic compounds isolated by continuous liquid-extraction or closed-loop stripping: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1307-1312, doi:10.1021/es00031a004.

Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., Gates, P.M., Werner, S.L., and Battaglin, W.A., 2000,

Routine determination of sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and sulfonamide herbicides at nanogram-per-liter concentrations by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 135-146, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00537-9.

Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., Gates, P.M., Werner, S.L., and Battaglin, W.A., 1999,

Routine determination of sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and sulfonamide herbicides at nanogram-per-liter concentrations by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 275-288.

Furlong, E.T., Ferrer, I., Gates, P.M., Cahill, J.D., and Thurman, E.M., 2003,

Identification of labile polar organic contaminants by atmospheric-pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry, in Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., ed., Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry MS/MS and Time of Flight MS--Analysis of Emerging Contaminants (Orlando meeting): American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 175-187.

Furlong, E.T., Kinney, C.A., Werner, S.L., and Cahill, J.D., 2004,

Presence and behavior of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in soil samples irrigated by reclaimed water, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water, Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 13-15, 2004: National Ground Water Association, p. 292-293, CD-ROM.

Furlong, E.T., Werner, S.L., Anderson, B.D., and Cahill, J.D., 2008,

Determination of human-health pharmaceuticals in filtered water by chemically modified styrene-divinylbenzene resin-based solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods book 5, sec. B, chap. B5, 56 p.

Fusillo, T.V., Gibs, J., Kammer, J.A., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1988,

Screening for volatile organic compounds in ground water using a gas chromatograph with photoionization and Hall detectors in the New Jersey District Laboratory, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic-Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. F-9--F-10.

Garbarino, J.R., Jones, B.E., Stein, G.P., Belser, W.T., and Taylor, H.E., 1985,

Statistical evaluation of an inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for routine water-quality testing: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 39, p. 535-541.

Garbarino, J.R., Kanagy, L.K., and Cree, M.E., 2006,

Determination of elements in natural-water, biota, sediment, and soil samples using collision/reaction cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec. B, chap. 1, 88 p.

Garbarino, J.R., and Taylor, H.E., 1994,

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method for the determination of dissolved trace elements in natural water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-358, 49 p.

Garbarino, J.R., and Taylor, H.E., 1985,

Recent developments and applications of ICP emission spectroscopy to trace elemental analysis of water: Trace Analysis, v. 4, p. 185-235.

Garbarino, J.R., Taylor, H.E., and Batie, W., 1989,

Simultaneous determination of major and trace elements by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry/optical emission spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 61, p. 793.

Gasper, J.D., Aiken, G.R., and Ryan, J.N., 2007,

A critical review of three methods used for the measurement of mercury (Hg2+)-dissolved organic matter stability constants: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 8, p. 1583-1597, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.018.

Goerlitz, D.F., 1981,

Determination of pentachlorophenol in water and aquifer sediments by high-performance liquid chromatography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-124, 12 p.

Goerlitz, D.F., and Franks, B.J., 1989,

Use of on-site high performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the magnitude, extent and transport of organic contaminants in aquifers: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 9, no. 2, p. 122-130.

Gruebel, K.A., Davis, J.A., and Leckie, J.O., 1988,

The feasibility of using sequential extraction techniques for As and Se in soils and sediments: Journal of Soil Science Society of America, v. 52, p. 390-397.

Hannon, J.E., and Böhlke, J.K., 2008,

Determination of the δ(¹⁵N/¹⁴N) of ammonium (NH₄⁺) in water--RSIL Lab Code 2898, in Révész, K., and Coplen, T.B., eds., Stable Isotope-Ratio Methods, Methods of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 10 chap C15, p. 30.

Hannon, J.E., Böhlke, J.K., and Mroczkowski, S.J., 2008,

Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from solution: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 22, no. 24, p. 4,109-4,120, doi:10.1002/rcm.3832.

Hladik, M., 2007,

Methods development for the analysis of pyrethroid pesticides in environmental samples--Final Report for CALFED, Recipient Agreement No. ERP-02-P42: CALFED Final Report ERP-02-P42.

Hladik, M.L., and Kuivila, K.M., 2008,

Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 56, no. 7, p. 2310-2314, doi:10.1021/jf703695s.

Hladik, M.L., Smalling, K.L., and Kuivila, K.M., 2009,

Methods of analysis--Determination of pyrethroid insecticides in water and sediment using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-C2, 18 p.

Hladik, M.L., Smalling, K.L., and Kuivila, K.M., 2008,

A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography--ion trap mass spectrometry: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 139-144, doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2.

Hostetler, K.A., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 147-155, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00538-0.

Hostetler, K.A., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 345-353.

Johnson, T.M., and Bullen, T.D., 2004,

Selenium, iron, and chromium stable isotope ratio measurements by the double isotope spike TIMS method, in DeGroot, P.A., ed., Handbook of Stable Isotope Analytical Techniques: Amsterdam, Elsevier Science.

Kammer, J.A., and Gibs, J., 1989,

An analytical technique for screening purgeable volatile organic compounds in water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-53, 13 p.

Kinney, C.A., Furlong, E.T., Werner, S.L., and Cahill, J.D., 2006,

Presence and distribution of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 2, p. 317-326, doi:10.1897/05-187R.1.

Kinney, C.A., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., Burkhardt, M.R., Werner, S.L., Cahill, J.D., and Jorgensen, G.R., 2006,

Survey of organic wastewater contaminants in biosolids destined for land application: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 23, p. 7207-7215, doi:10.1021/es0603406.

Kish, J.L., Thurman, E.M., Scribner, E.A., and Zimmerman, L.R., 2000,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of selected herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-385, 13 p.

Klein, C., Schneider, R.J., Meyer, M.T., and Aga, D.S., 2006,

Enantiomeric separation of metolachlor and its metabolites using LC-MS and CZE: Chemosphere, v. 62, no. 10, p. 1591-1599, doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.048.

Koirtyohann, R.C., Giddings, R.C., and Taylor, H.E., 1984,

Heating rates in furnace atomic adsorption using the L'vov Platform: Spectrochimica Acta, v. 39B, p. 407.

Kolker, A., Engle, M.A., Orem, W.H., Bunnell, J.E., Lerch, H.E., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Olson, M.L., and McCord, J.D., 2008,

Mercury, trace elements and organic constituents in atmospheric fine particulate matter, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA--A combined approach to sampling and analysis: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 279-293, doi:10.1111/j.1751-908X.2008.00913.x.

Kraemer, F.T., Doughten, M.W., and Bullen, T.D., 2002,

Use of ICP/MS with ultrasonic nebulizer for routine determination of uranium activity ratios in natural water: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 36, no. 22, p. 4899-4904, doi:10.1021/es020522+.

Lee, E.A., Kish, J.L., Zimmerman, L.R., and Thurman, E.M., 2001,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Update and additions to the determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradation compounds in water using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-10, 17 p.

Lee, E.A., and Strahan, A.P., 2003,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of acetamide herbicides and their degradation products in water using online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-173, 17 p.

Lee, E.A., Strahan, A.P., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group - Determination of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate in water using online solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-454, 13 p.

Lee, E.A., Strahan, A.P., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of triazine and phenylurea herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-436, 26 p.

Lee, E.A., Zimmerman, L.R., Bhullar, B.S., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, no. 19, p. 4937-4943, doi:10.1021/ac020208y.

Leenheer, J.A., 1997,

Characterization of natural organic matter by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in Nanny, M.A., Minear, R.A., and Leenheer, J.A., eds., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environmental Chemistry: New York, Oxford University Press, p. 213-220.

Leenheer, J.A., Furlong, E.T., Ferrer, I., and Rostad, C.E., 2003,

Charge characteristics and fragmentation of polycarboxylic acids by electrospray ionization/multistate tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS), in Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time of Flight MS--Analysis of Emerging Contaminants (Orlando meeting): American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 312-324.

Leenheer, J.A., and Noyes, T.I., 2003,

Characterization of dissolved organic matter by infrared and ultraviolet/visible spectrometry (Chapter 9), in Schroeder, R.A., ed., Water-quality changes and organic-carbon characterization during recharge with recycled water at a research basin in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles, California, 1991-1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4146, p. 89-101.

Leenheer, J.A., and Rostad, C.E., 2004,

Fractionation and characterization of organic matter in wastewater from a swine waste-retention basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5217, 21 p.

Leenheer, J.A., Rostad, C.E., Gates, P.M., Furlong, E.T., and Ferrer, I., 2001,

Molecular resolution and fragmentation of fulvic acid by electrospray ionization/multistage tandem mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 7, p. 1461-1471, doi:10.1021/ac0012593.

Lerch, R.N., Ferrer, I., Thurman, E.M., and Zablotowicz, R.M., 2003,

Identification of trifluralin metabolites in soil using ion-trap LC/MS/MS, in Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time-of-Flight MS--Analysis of Emerging Contaminants: American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 291-310.

Lin, C.H., Lerch, R.N., Thurman, E.M., Garrett, H.E., and George, M.F., 2002,

Determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 21, p. 5816-5824, doi:10.1021/jf025622d.

Lindsay, S.S., and Baedecker, M.J., 1988,

Determination of aqueous sulfide in contaminated and natural water using the methylene blue method, in Collins, A.G., and Johnson, A.I., eds., Ground-water contamination--Field Methods: American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publication 963, p. 349-357.

Lindsey, M.E., Meyer, M.T., and Thurman, E.M., 2001,

Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamide and tetracycline antimicrobials in groundwater and surface water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 19, p. 4640-4646, doi:10.1021/ac010514w.

Loftin, K.A., Meyer, M.T., Rubio, F., Kamp, L., Humphries, E., and Whereat, E., 2008,

Comparison of two cell lysis procedures for recovery of microcystins in water samples from Silver Lake in Dover, Delaware, with microcystin producing cyanobacterial accumulations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1341, 9 p.

Loper, C.A., Crawford, J.K., Otto, K.L., Manning, R.L., Meyer, M.T., and Furlong, E.T., 2007,

Concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics in south-central Pennsylvania waters, March through September 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 300, 101 p.

MacCarthy, P., DeLuca, S.J., Voorhees, K.J., Malcolm, R.L., and Thurman, E.M., 1985,

Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry/pattern recognition on a well-characterized suite of humic samples: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 10, p. 2,091-2,096, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(85)90066-3.

McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Ball, J.W., 2003,

Metal interferences and their removal prior to the determination of As(T) and AS(III) in acid mine waters by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4117, 14 p.

Meyer, M.T., Bumgarner, J.E., Thurman, E.M., Hostetler, K.A., and Daughtridge, J.V., 1999,

A radioimmunoassay method to screen for antibiotics in liquid waste at confined livestock operations, with confirmation by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 465-470.

Meyer, M.T., Bumgarner, J.E., Varns, J.L., Daughtridge, J.V., Thurman, E.M., and Hostetler, K.A., 2000,

Use of radioimmunoassay as a screen for antibiotics in confined animal feeding operations and confirmation by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 181-187, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00541-0.

Meyer, M.T., Lee, E.A., Ferrell, G.F., Bumgarner, J.E., and Varnes, J., 2007,

Evaluation of tandem off-line and on-line solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the analysis of antibiotics in ambient water and comparision to an independent method: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5021, 28 p.

Meyer, M.T., Lee, E.A., and Scribner, E.A., 2007,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of dissolved isoxaflutole and its sequential degradation products, diketonitrile and benzoic acid, in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec. A, chap. 9, 13 p.

Meyer, M.T., Loftin, K.A., Lee, E.A., Hinshaw, G.H., Dietze, J.E., and Scribner, E.A., 2009,

Determination of glyphosate, its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate, in water by isotope dilution and online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. A10, 32 p.

Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1993,

Automated-solid phase extraction of herbicides from water for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis: Journal of Chromatography, v. 629, no. 1, p. 55-59, doi:10.1016/0021-9673(93)80353-A.

Meyer, M.T., and Scribner, E.A., 2009,

The evolution of analytical technology and its impact on water-quality studies for selected herbicides and their degradation products in water (Chapter 13), in Ahuja, S., ed., Handbook of Water Purity and Quality: Amsterdam, Academic Press, p. 289-313, ISBN:978-0-12-374192-9.

Meyer, M.T., Scribner, E.A., and Kalkhoff, S.J., 2007,

Comparison of fate and transport of isoxaflutole to atrazine and metolachlor in 10 Iowa rivers: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. 20, p. 6933-6939, doi:10.1021/es070903t.

Mills, M.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1992,

Mixed-mode isolation of triazine metabolites in soil and aquifer sediments using automated solid-phase extraction: Analytical Chemistry, v. 64, p. 1985-1990.

Mills, M.S., Thurman, E.M., and Pedersen, M.J., 1993,

Application of mixed-mode, solid-phase extraction in environmental and clinical chemistry--Combining hydrogen-bonding, cation-exchange and Van der Waals interactions: Journal of Chromatography, v. 629, p. 11-21.

Morton, M.D., Walters, F.H., Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., and Larive, C.K., 1997,

Nuclear magnetic resonance identification of new solfonic acid metabolites of chloroacetanilide herbicides: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 45, no. 4, p. 1240-1243, doi:10.1021/jf960453g.

Murphy, D.M., Garbarino, J.R., Taylor, H.E., Hart, B.T., and Beckett, R., 1993,

Determination of size and element composition distributions of complex colloids by sedimentation field-flow fractionation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography, v. 642, p. 459-467.

Murphy, K.R., Butler, K.D., Spencer, R.G.M., Stedmon, C.A., Boehme, J.R., and Aiken, G.R., 2010,

Measurement of dissolved organic matter fluorescence in aquatic environments--An interlaboratory comparison: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 24, p. 9405-9412, doi:10.1021/es102362t.

Olson, M., Cleckner, L., Hurley, J., Krabbenhoft, D., and Heelan, T., 1997,

Resolution of matrix effects on analysis of total and methyl mercury in aqueous samples from the Florida Everglades: Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, v. 358, no. 3, p. 392-398, doi:10.1007/s002160050435.

Olund, S.D., DeWild, J.F., Olson, M.L., and Tate, M.T., 2004,

Methods for the preparation and analysis of solids and suspended solids for total mercury: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec. A, chap. 8, 23 p.

Pankow, J.F., Luo, W., Isabelle, L.M., Bender, D.A., and Baker, R.J., 1998,

Determination of a wide range of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using multisorbent adsorption/thermal desorption and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 70, no. 24, p. 5213-5221, doi:10.1021/ac980481t.

Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C.E., and Leiker, T.J., 1989,

Determination of trace levels of herbicides and their degradation products in surface and ground waters by gas chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 228, p. 69-75.

Phillips, P.J., Smith, S.G., Kolpin, D.W., Zaugg, S.D., Buxton, H.T., Furlong, E.T., Esposito, K., and Stinson, B., 2010,

Method description, quality assurance, environmental data, and other information for analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater-treatment-plant effluents, stream water, and reservoirs, 2004-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1102.

Phinney, C.S., 1993,

Enhancement of molecular ion detection by variation of mass analyzer thermal energy for C10-C28 alkanes by ion-trap mass spectrometry, in Proceedings of the 41st ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, San Francisco, California, May 30-June 4, 1993.

Phinney, C.S., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1996,

A comparison of two analytical techniques for identifying and measuring the concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons in ground water, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 65-69.

Phinney, C.S., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1992,

A comparison of analytical techniques for measurement of volatile hydrocarbons in ground water, in Proceedings of the 40th American Society of Mass Spectrometry Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Washington, D.C., May 31-June 5, 1992: American Society of Mass Spectrometry, p. 659-660.

Planer-Friedrich, B., London, J., McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Wallschläger, D., 2007,

Thioarsenates in geothermal waters of Yellowstone National Park--Determination, preservation, and geochemical importance: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. 15, p. 5245-5251, doi:10.1021/es070273v.

Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Eberts, S.M., Bexfield, L.M., Brown, C.J., Fahlquist, L.S., Katz, B.G., and Landon, M.K., 2008,

Low-level detections of halogenated volatile organic compounds in groundwater--Use in vulnerability assessments: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 13, no. 11, p. 1,049-1,068, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:11(1049).

Pomes, M.L., Holub, D.F., Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

Isocratic separation of alachlor ethanesulfonic acid, alachlor oxoacetic acid, and hydroxyatrazine by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 393-400.

Pomes, M.L., Thurman, E.M., Aga, D.S., and Goolsby, D.A., 1998,

Evaluation of microtiter-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in rainfall: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 163-168, doi:10.1021/es970462l.

Pomes, M.L., Thurman, E.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1991,

Comparison of microtitre-plate, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for analysis of herbicides in storm runoff samples, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 572-575.

Qi, H., and Coplen, T.B., 2011,

Erratum--Investigation of preparation techniques for δ²H analysis of keratin materials and a proposed analytical protocol: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 25, no. 18, p. 2672-2672, doi:10.1002/rcm.5186 (This paper corrects Qi and Coplen, 2011, doi:10.1002/rcm.5095).

Qi, H., and Coplen, T.B., 2011,

Investigation of preparation techniques for δ²H analysis of keratin materials and a proposed analytical protocol: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 25, no. 15, p. 2209-2222, doi:10.1002/rcm.5095 (See Qi and Coplen, 2011, doi:10.1002/rcm.5186 for the erratum for this paper).

Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., and Wassenaar, L.I., 2011,

Improved online δ18O measurements of nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing organic materials and a proposed analytical protocol: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 25, no. 14, p. 2049-2058, doi:10.1002/rcm.5088.

Qi, H., Gröning, M., Coplen, T.B., Buck, B., Mroczkowski, S.J., Brand, W.A., Geilmann, H., and Gehre, M., 2010,

Novel silver-tubing method for quantitative introduction of water into high-temperature conversion systems for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic measurements: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 24, no. 13, p. 1821-1827, doi:10.1002/rcm.4559.

Rao, B., Hatzinger, P.B., Böhlke, J.K., Sturchio, N.C., Andraski, B.J., Eckardt, F.D., and Jackson, W.A., 2010,

Natural chlorate in the environment--Application of a new IC-ESI/MS/MS method with a Cl¹⁸O₃^- internal standard: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 22, p. 8429-8434, doi:10.1021/es1024228.

Reeves, I., J. B., McCarty, G.W., Rutherford, D.W., and Wershaw, R.L., 2007,

Near-infrared spectroscopic examination of charred pine wood, bark, cellulose and lignin--Implications for the quantitative determination of charcoal in soils: Journal of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, v. 15, no. 5, p. 307-315, doi:10.1255/jnirs.742.

Revesz, K., and Böhlke, J.K., 2002,

Comparison of δ¹⁸O measurements in nitrate by different combustion techniques: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, p. 5410-5413, doi:10.1021/ac025854b.

Revesz, K., Böhlke, J.K., and Yoshinari, T., 1997,

Determination of δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁵N in nitrate: Analytical Chemistry, v. 69, no. 21, p. 4375-4380, doi:10.1021/ac9610523.

Rostad, C.E., 2010,

Analysis of solvent dyes in refined petroleum products by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Fuel, v. 89, no. 5, p. 997-1,005, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.011.

Rostad, C.E., 2006,

Differential of commercial fuels based on polar components using negative electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry: Environmental Forensics, v. 7, no. 1, p. 5-14.

Rostad, C.E., and Pereira, W.E., 1989,

Analysis of chlorinated organic compounds in estuarine biota and sediments by chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry: Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spectrometry, v. 18, p. 464-470.

Rostad, C.E., and Pereira, W.E., 1988,

Determination of halogenated organic compounds in estuarine biota and sediments by chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 85-86.

Rostad, C.E., and Pereira, W.E., 1985,

Kovats and Lee retention indices by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest: Journal of High Resolution Chromatography and Chromatography Communications, v. 9, p. 328-334.

Rostad, C.E., Pereira, W.E., and Ratcliff, S.M., 1986,

Isolation of organic compounds from groundwater using bonded-phase extraction columns, in Mattraw, H.C., Jr., and Franks, B.J., eds., Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2285, chap. F, p. 41-47.

Rostad, C.E., Pereira, W.E., and Ratcliff, S.M., 1985,

Bonded-phase extraction column isolation of organic compounds in ground water at a hazardous waste site: Analytical Chemistry, v. 56, no. 14, p. 2856-2860.

Schraer, S.M., Shaw, D.R., Boyette, M., Coupe, R.H., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography procedures for the detection of cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 48, p. 5881-5886.

Schroyer, B.R., and Capel, P.D., 1996,

A high-performance liquid chromatography-based screening method for the analysis of atrazine, alachlor, and ten of their transformation products, in Meyer, M.T., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 630, p. 34-42.

Schultz, M.M., and Furlong, E.T., 2008,

Trace analysis of antidepressant pharmaceuticals and their select degradates in aquatic matrixes by LC/ESI/MS/MS: Analytical Chemistry, v. 80, no. 5, p. 1756-1762, doi:10.1021/ac702154e.

Scribner, E.A., Battaglin, W.A., Gilliom, R.J., and Meyer, M.T., 2007,

Concentrations of glyphosate, its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate in ground- and surface-water, rainfall, and soil samples collected in the United States, 2001-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5122, 112 p.

Scribner, E.A., Meyer, M.T., and Kalkhoff, S.J., 2006,

Occurrence of isoxaflutole, acetamide, and triazine herbicides and their degradation products in 10 Iowa rivers draining to the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5169, 84 p.

Scribner, E.A., Orlando, J., Battaglin, W.A., Sandstrom, M.W., Kuivila, K., and Meyer, M.T., 2006,

Results of analysis of the fungicide chlorothalonil, its degradation products, and other selected pesticides at 22 surface-water sites in five southern States, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1207, 59 p.

Shekiro, J.M., Jr., Skogerboe, R.K., and Taylor, H.E., 1988,

Mechanistic characterization of chloride interferences in electrothermal atomization systems: Analytical Chemistry, v. 60, p. 2561.

Shekiro, J.M., Jr., Skogerboe, R.K., and Taylor, H.E., 1988,

Use of electrothermal vaporization-multiple wavelength absorption spectrometry to qualitatively screen for the presence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 22, no. 3, p. 338, doi:10.1021/es00168a015.

Shekiro, J.M., Skogerboe, R.K., and Taylor, H.E., 1987,

Crude oil identification with electrothermal vaporization-multiple wavelength absorption spectrometry: Chemosphere Journal, v. 16, p. 983.

Sigman, D.M., Casciotti, K.L., Andreani, M., Barford, C., Galanter, M., and Böhlke, J.K., 2001,

A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 17, p. 4145-4153, doi:10.1021/ac010088e.

Simon, N.S., 1988,

The effect of different methods for removal of organic matter on hydrochloric acid extraction of metals from sediment--Calcasieu River, Louisiana, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 73-80.

Simon, N.S., Hatcher, S.A., and Demas, C.R., 1992,

Comparison of methods for the removal of organic carbon and extraction of chromium, iron, and manganese, from an estuarine sediment standard and sediment from the Calcasieu River and estuary, Louisiana: Chemical Geology, v. 100, p. 175-189.

Smalling, K.L., and Kuivila, K.M., 2008,

Multi-residue method for the analysis of 85 current-use and legacy pesticides in bed and suspended sediments: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1210, no. 1, p. 8-18, doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.023.

Spencer, R.G.M., Aiken, G.R., Dyda, R.Y., Butler, K.D., Bergamaschi, B.A., and Hernes, P.J., 2010,

Comparison of XAD with other dissolved lignin isolation techniques and a compilation of analytical improvements for the analysis of lignin in aquatic settings: Organic Geochemistry, v. 41, no. 5, p. 445-453, doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.02.004.

Steinheimer, T.R., and Brooks, M.G., 1984,

Development and evaluation of a gas chromatographic method for the determination of triazine herbicides in natural water samples: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 17, p. 97-111.

Steinheimer, T.R., and Ondrus, M.G., 1986,

Determination of selected azaarenes in water by bonded-phase extraction and liquid chromatography: Analytical Chemistry, v. 58, no. 8, p. 1839-1844.

Taylor, H.E., 2001,

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry--Practices and techniques: New York, Academic Press, 294 p., ISBN:978-0-12-683865-7.

Taylor, H.E., 2000,

Inorganic substances, mass spectrometric in the analysis of, in Meyers, R.A., ed., Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry: Chichester, John Wiley and Sons, p. 11761-11773.

Taylor, H.E., 1998,

Novel applications of plasma source mass spectrometry, in Montaser, A., ed., Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: New York, VCH Publishing Group (Wiley), p. 681-807.

Taylor, H.E., 1987,

Analytical methodology for the measurement of the chemical composition of snow cores from the Cascade/Sierra Nevada Mountain Ranges, in Averett, R.C., and McKnight, D.M., eds., Chemical quality of water and the hydrologic cycle: Chelsea, Mich., Lewis Publishers, Inc., p. 55-69.

Taylor, H.E., and Garbarino, J.R., 1992,

Analytical applications of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, in Montaser, A., and Golightly, D.W., eds., Inductively coupled plasmas in atomic spectrometry (2d ed.): New York, VCH Publishers, p. 651.

Taylor, H.E., and Garbarino, J.R., 1991,

The measurement of trace metals in water resource monitoring samples by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Spectrochimica Acta Reviews, v. 14, p. 33.

Taylor, H.E., and Garbarino, J.R., 1988,

Assessment of the analytical capabilities of inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer: Journal of Research National Bureau of Standards, v. 93, p. 433.

Taylor, H.E., and Garbarino, J.R., 1987,

Evaluation of the accuracy and precision of stable isotope ratio measurements by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in Proceedings XXV Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale: p. 146.

Taylor, H.E., and Garbarino, J.R., 1987,

Stable isotope dilution analysis of hydrologic samples by ICP/MS: Analytical Chemistry, v. 59, p. 1568.

Taylor, H.E., Garbarino, J.R., and Koirtyohann, S.R., 1991,

Flame ionization mass spectrometry--Isotope ratio determinations for potassium: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 45, no. 5, p. 886.

Taylor, H.E., Garbarino, J.R., Murphy, D.M., and Beckett, R., 1992,

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry as an element specific detector for field-flow fractionation particle separation: Analytical Chemistry, v. 64, p. 2036.

Taylor, H.E., and Shiller, A.M., 1997,

The use of sedimentation field flow fractionation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the chemical characterization of suspended particulate matter in environmental hydrologic systems, in Wanty, R.B., Marsh, S.P., and Gough, L.P., eds., 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry; program with abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-496, p. 100.

Thorn, K.A., 1987,

The use of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the analysis of complex samples of environmental interest, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. E-13-E-17.

Thorn, K.A., and Aiken, G.R., 1989,

Characterization of nonvolatile organic acids resulting from the biodegradation of crude oil by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 41-51.

Thorn, K.A., Thorne, P.G., and Cox, L.G., 2004,

Alkaline hydrolysis/polymerization of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene--Characterization of products by 13C and 15N NMR: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 7, p. 2224-2231, doi:10.1021/es030655a.

Thorn, K.A., and Younger, S.J., 2003,

Characterization of dissolved organic matter by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (Chapter 10), in Schroeder, R.A., ed., Water-Quality Changes and Organic-Carbon Characterization During Recharge with Recycled Water at a Research Basin in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4146, p. 102-108.

Thurman, E.M., and Aga, D.S., 2001,

Detection of pesticides and pesticide metabolites using the cross reactivity in immunoassays: Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, v. 84, no. 1, p. 163-167.

Thurman, E.M., and Ferrer, I., 2003,

Comparison of quadrupole-time-of-flight, triple quadrupole, and ion-trap mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry for the analysis of emerging contaminants, in Thurman, E.M., and Ferrer, I., eds., Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/ MS/MS and Time of Flight MS--Analysis of Emerging Contaminants (Orlando, Fla. meeting): American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 14-31.

Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., and Barcelo, D., 2001,

Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 22, p. 5441-5449, doi:10.1021/ac010506f.

Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., and Furlong, E.T., 2003,

Time-of-flight/mass spectrometry and quadrupole ion trap MS/MS for the discovery of herbicide degradates in groundwater, in Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Liquid Chromatrography/Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time of Flight MS--Analysis of Emerging Contaminants (Orlando meeting): American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 128-144.

Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., and Parry, R., 2002,

Accurate mass analysis of ethanesulfonic acid degradates of acetochlor and alachlor using high-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography, v. 957, no. 1, p. 3-9, doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01470-4.

Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M., and Adams, C.D., 1991,

Analysis of atrazine metabolites by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 568-571.

Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M., Pomes, M., Perry, C.A., and Schwab, P., 1990,

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of triazine herbicides in water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 62, p. 2043-2048.

Thurman, E.M., and Snavely, K., 2000,

Advances in solid-phase extraction disks for environmental chemistry: Trends in Analytical Chemistry, v. 19, no. 1, p. 18-26.

Thurman, E.M., Willoughby, T., Barber, L.B., II, and Thorn, K.A., 1987,

Determination of alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants in groundwater using macroreticular resins and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 59, no. 14, p. 1798-1802, doi:10.1021/ac00141a013.

Thurman, E.M., Zimmerman, L.R., Aga, D.S., and Gilliom, R.J., 2001,

Regional water-quality analysis of 2,4-D and dicamba in river water using gas chromatography - isotope dilution mass spectrometry: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 79, no. 3, p. 185-198.

Ulrich, E.M., Morrison, C.N., Goldsmith, M.R., and Foreman, W.T., 2012,

Chiral pesticides--Identification, description, and environmental implications, in Whitacre, D.M., ed., Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology: New York, Springer U.S., v. 217, p. 1-74, ISBN:978-1-4614-2329-4.

Vargo, J.D., Lee, E.A., and Fuhrman, J.D., 2003,

Interlaboratory comparison and validation of methods for chloroacetanilide and chloroacetamide solid degradates in environmental waters, in Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., eds., Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time-of-Flight MS--Analysis of emerging contaminants: American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850, p. 273-290.

Vivit, D.V., and Jenne, E.Q., 1986,

Selected methods for iron(II, III) and dissolved sulfide(-II) determinations in geothennal waters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-4189, 16 p.

Vivit, D.V., Thorn, K.A., and Hem, J.D., 1993,

Comparative results of 27Al NMR spectrometric and ferron colorimetric analyses of hydroxyaluminum hydrolysis products in mildly acidic aqueous systems, in Preprints of papers presented at the 205th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Denver, Colo., March 28-April 2, 1993: Washingtion, D.C., American Chemical Society, v. 33, no. 1, p. 148-151.

Walker, C.E., Schrock, R.M., Reilly, T.J., and Baehr, A.L., 2005,

A direct immunoassay for detecting diatoms in ground water as an indicator of the direct influence of surface water: Journal of Applied Phycology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 81-90.

Webb, S.M., Fuller, C.C., Tebo, B.M., and Bargar, J.R., 2006,

Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 771-777, doi:10.1021/es051679f.

Weiss, J.M., McKay, A.J., DeRito, C., Watanabe, C., Thorn, K.A., and Madsen, E.L., 2004,

Development and application of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of bound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene residues in soil: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 7, p. 2167-2174, doi:10.1021/es034911v.

Wershaw, R.L., Aiken, G.R., Leenheer, J.A., and Tregellas, J., 2000,

Structural-group quantitation by CP/MAS 13C NMR measurements of dissolved organic matter from natural waters, in Davies, G., and Ghabbour, E.A., eds., Humic Substances--Versatile Components of Plants, Soil, and Water: Cambridge, England, Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 63-82.

Wershaw, R.L., Fishman, M.J., and Grabbe, R.R., 1987,

Methods for the determination of organic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, sec. A, chap. 3, 80 p.

Wershaw, R.L., Rutherford, D.W., Rostad, C.E., Garbarino, J.R., Ferrer, I., Kennedy, K.R., Momplaisir, G., and Grange, A., 2003,

Mass spectrometric identification of an azobenzene derivative produced by smectite-catalyzed conversion of 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylar-sonic acid: Talanta, v. 59, no. 6, p. 1219-1226, doi:10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00032-8.

Ye, Z., Weinberg, H.S., and Meyer, M.T., 2007,

Trace analysis of trimethoprim and sulfonamide, macrolide, quinolone, and tetracycline antibiotics in chlorinated drinking water using liquid chromotagrphy electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 79, no. 3, p. 1135-1144, doi:10.1021/ac060972a.

Zaugg, S.D., Burkhardt, M.R., Burbank, T.L., Olson, M.C., Iverson, J.L., and Schroeder, M.P., 2006,

Determination of semivolatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec. B, chap. 3, 44 p.

Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., and Schroeder, M.P., 2006,

Determination of wastewater compounds in whole water by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec, B, chap. 4, 30 p.

Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., Schroeder, M.P., Barber, L.B., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2002,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of wastewater compounds by polystyrene-divinylbenzene solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4186, 37 p.

Zhang, C., Eganhouse, R.P., Pontolillo, J., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Wang, Y., 2012,

Determination of nonylphenol isomers in landfill leachate and municipal wastewater using steam distillation extraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1230, p. 110-116, doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.109.

Zimmerman, L.R., Hostetler, K.A., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-182, 30 p.

Zimmerman, L.R., Schneider, R.J., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1045-1052, doi:10.1021/jf010779b.

Zimmerman, L.R., Strahan, A.P., and Thurman, E.M., 2001,

Method of analysis and quality-assurance practices by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of four selected mosquito insecticides and a synergist in water using liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-273, 11 p.

Zimmerman, L.R., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Method of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-634, 21 p.

Zimmerman, L.R., Ziegler, A.C., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Method of analysis and quality-assurance practices by U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of geosmin and methylisoborneol in water using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-337, 12 p.

There are 213 publications in this section of the bibliography. The above list is sorted by author. The Toxics Bibliographic Data Base was last updated on 5/14/12.

| Sorted by Author | Sort by Year | Sort by Title | Sort by Publication Type | Only On-Line Reports | Search | Contents |

The page either contains links to .pdf files or links to non-USGS pages that might have links to .pdf files. .pdf files can be viewed with Adobe Reader^®.
You can download Adobe Reader^® for free.