Pesticide Investigations — Herbicides and other Agricultural Chemicals — Midwest Cornbelt

Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 2001,

Formation and transport of the sulfonic acid metabolites of alachlor and metolachlor in soil: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 35, no. 12, p. 2455-2460, doi:10.1021/es991264s.

Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., and Pomes, M.L., 1996,

Measurement of concentrations of alachlor and its ethanesulfonic acid metabolite in water by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 385-392.

Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., Yockel, M.E., Zimmerman, L.R., and Williams, T.D., 1996,

Identification of a new sulfonic acid metabolite of metolachlor in soil: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 592-597, doi:10.1021/es9503600.

Antweiler, R.C., Goolsby, D.A., and Taylor, H.E., 1996,

Nutrients in the Mississippi River, 1987-92, in Meade, R.H., ed., Contaminants in the Mississippi River: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1133, p. 73-85.

Battaglin, W.A., and Fairchild, J., 2002,

Potential toxicity of pesticides measured in midwestern streams to aquatic organisms: Water Science and Technology, v. 45, no. 9, p. 95-103.

Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2001,

Concentration of selected sulfonylurea, sulfonamide, and imadazolinone herbicides, other pesticides, and nutrients in 71 streams, 5 reservoir outflows, and 25 wells in the midwestern United States, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4225, 123 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., and Peter, C.J., 2000,

Occurrence of sulfonylurea, sulfonamide, imidazolinone, and other herbicides in rivers, reservoirs and ground water in the Midwestern United States, 1998: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 123-133, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00536-7.

Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., and Peter, C.J., 1999,

Occurrence of sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and other herbicides in midwestern rivers, reservoirs, and ground water, 1998, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 215-225.

Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., and Peter, C.J., 1998,

A reconnaissance for sulfonylurea herbicides in waters of the Midwestern USA: An example of collaboration between the public and private sectors: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-046-98, 4 p.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999,

Are shifts in herbicide use reflected in concentration changes in midwestern rivers?: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 17, p. 2917-2925, doi:10.1021/es9900149.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1998,

Regression models of herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-1993: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1369-1390, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05438.x.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1997,

Statistical modeling of agricultural chemical occurrence in midwestern rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 196, no. 1-4, p. 1-25, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00011-5.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1996,

Using GIS and regression to estimate annual herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-93, in AWRA Symposium on GIS and Water Resources, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, September 22-26, 1996: American Water Resources Association.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1995,

Spatial data in Geographic Information System format on agricultural chemical use, land use, and cropping practices in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4176, 87 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Goolsby, D.A., and Coupe, R., 1993,

Annual use and transport of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River, 1991-92, in Goolsby, D.A., Boyer, L.L., and Mallard, G.E., eds., Selected papers on agricultural chemicals in water resources of the Midcontinental United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-418, p. 26-40.

Battaglin, W.A., Goolsby, D.A., and Coupe, R.H., 1996,

Annual use and transport of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River, 1991-92, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 429-440.

Battaglin, W.A., and Hay, L.E., 1996,

Effects of sampling strategies on estimates of annual mean herbicide concentrations in midwestern rivers: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 3, p. 889-896, doi:10.1021/es950351r.

Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, D.H., 2001,

Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1285-1300, doi:10.1002/hyp.214.

Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, D.H., 2001,

Isotopic and chemical composition of inorganic and organic water-quality samples from the Mississippi River Basin, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4095, 57 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Goolsby, D.A., and Boyer, L.L., 1997,

Plan of study to determine if the isotopic ratios δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O can reveal the sources of nitrate discharged by the Mississippi River into the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-230, 18 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Thurman, E.M., Kalkhoff, S.J., and Porter, S.D., 2003,

Herbicides and transformation products in surface waters of the midwestern United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 4, p. 743-756, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04402.x.

Boyd, R.A., 1999,

Herbicides and herbicide degradates in shallow ground water and the Cedar River near a municipal well field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 289-300.

Burkart, M., Kolpin, D.W., Jaquis, R., and Cole, K., 2001,

Soil characteristics and agrichemicals in groundwater of the midwestern United States: Water Science and Technology, v. 43, no. 5, p. 251-260.

Burkart, M.R., Kolpin, D.W., and James, D.E., 1999,

Assessing groundwater vulnerability to agrichemical contamination in the midwest U.S.: Water Science and Technology, v. 39, no. 3, p. 103-112.

Burkart, M.R., Ragone, S.E., Thurman, E.M., and Perry, C.A., 1989,

Planned studies of herbicides in ground and surface water in the Midcontinental United States, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 445-452.

CENR, 2000,

Integrated assessment of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico: National Science and Technology Council Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, Washington, D.C., 58 p.

Capel, P.D., 1990,

A bibliography of atrazine and its simple degradation products in the environment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-613, 4 diskettes, 5 p.

Clark, G.M., Broshears, R.E., Hooper, R.P., and Goolsby, D.A., 2002,

Evaluating the influence of source basins on downstream water quality in the Mississippi River: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 38, no. 3, p. 803-818, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00998.x.

Clark, G.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 2000,

Occurrence and load of selected herbicides and metabolites in the lower Mississippi River: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 101-113, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00534-3.

Clark, G.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999,

Discharge of herbicides from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico, 1991-97: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-163-98, 4 p.

Clark, G.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999,

Trends in annual herbicide loads from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 237-246.

Clark, G.M., Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 1999,

Seasonal and annual load of herbicides from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 7, p. 981-986, doi:10.1021/es980962u.

Coupe, R.H., Goolsby, D.A., Iverson, J.L., Zaugg, S.D., and Markovchick, D.J., 1995,

Pesticide, nutrient, streamflow and physical property data for the Mississippi River and major tributaries, April 1991-September 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-657, 116 p.

Coupe, R.H., and Johnson, G.P., 1991,

Triazine herbicides in selected streams in Illinois during storm events, spring 1990, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 343-346.

Coupe, R.H., Manning, M.A., Foreman, W.T., Goolsby, D.A., and Majewski, M.S., 1999,

Occurrence of pesticides in rain and air in urban and agricultural areas of Mississippi, April-September 1995, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 301-312.

Cromwell, A.E., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

Atrazine transport and degradation in a pristine watershed--The fate of atrazine deposited by precipitation, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 423-428.

Dombrowski, T.R., Wilson, G.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1998,

Investigation of anion-exchange and immunoaffinity particle-loaded membranes for the isolation of charged organic analytes from water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 70, no. 9, p. 1969-1978, doi:10.1021/ac971081t.

Druliner, A.D., Goolsby, D.A., and Meyer, M., 1996,

Temporal distributions of herbicide and nitrite-nitrate concentrations and loads in the West Fork of the Big Blue River, Nebraska, 1990 and 1991-92, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 479-485.

Druliner, A.D., and McGrath, T.S., 1996,

Predicting nitrate-nitrogen and atrazine contamination in the High Plains aquifer in Nebraska, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 515-524.

Eckhardt, D.A., Wagenet, R.J., Thurman, E.M., and Barnes, P.L., 1996,

Fate of alachlor, atrazine, and bromide in a corn plot near Topeka, Kansas, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 535-541.

Eckhardt, D.A.V., and Barnes, P.L., 1991,

Spatial variability in hydraulic conductivity of a silt-loam soil near Topeka, Kansas, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 210-213.

Fairchild, J.F., Sappington, L.C., and Ruessler, D.S., 1999,

An ecological risk assessment of the potential for herbicide impacts on primary productivity of the Lower Missouri River, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 323-330.

Fallon, J.D., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

Determining the relative age, transport, and three-dimensional distribution of atrazine in a reservoir using immunoassay, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 499-504.

Fallon, J.D., Tierney, D.P., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Movement of atrazine and deethylatrazine through a midwestern reservoir: Journal of the American Water Works Association, v. 94, no. 11, p. 54-66.

Ferrer, I., Barcelo, D., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 714-718, doi:10.1021/es990462g.

Ferrer, I., Barcelo, D., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Double-disk solid-phase extraction--Simultaneous cleanup and trace enrichment of herbicides and metabolites from environmental samples: Analytical Chemistry, v. 71, no. 5, p. 1009-1015, doi:10.1021/ac980975q.

Ferrer, I., Thurman, E.M., and Barcelo, D., 1997,

Identification of ionic chloroacetanilide-herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater by HPLC/MS using negative ion spray: Analytical Chemistry, v. 69, no. 22, p. 4547-4553, doi:10.1021/ac9704671.

Foreman, W.T., Majewski, M.S., Goolsby, D.A., Wiebe, F.W., and Coupe, R.H., 2000,

Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, part II -- air: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 213-226, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00544-6.

Foreman, W.T., Majewski, M.S., Goolsby, D.A., Wiebe, F.W., and Coupe, R.H., 1999,

Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, Part II--Air, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 263-274.

Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., Gates, P.M., Werner, S.L., and Battaglin, W.A., 2000,

Routine determination of sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and sulfonamide herbicides at nanogram-per-liter concentrations by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 135-146, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00537-9.

Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., Gates, P.M., Werner, S.L., and Battaglin, W.A., 1999,

Routine determination of sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and sulfonamide herbicides at nanogram-per-liter concentrations by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 275-288.

Goolsby, D.A., 1995,

Dissolved herbicides, in Moody, J.A., ed., Data report on Mississippi--Upriver profiles, chemical data for water quality samples collected during four upriver transects of the Mississippi River between New Orleans, Louisiana, and St. Paul, Minnesota, May 1990-April 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-523, p. 297.

Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 2001,

Long-term changes in concentrations and flux of nitrogen in the Mississippi River basin, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1209-1226, doi:10.1002/hyp.210.

Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 2000,

Nitrogen in the Mississippi Basin--Estimating sources and predicting flux to the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 135-00, 6 p.

Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 1993,

Occurrence, distribution, and transport of agricultural chemicals in surface waters of the Midwestern United States, in Goolsby, D.A., Boyer, L.L., and Mallard, G.E., eds., Selected papers on agricultural chemicals in water resources of the Midcontinental United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-418, p. 1-25.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Aulenbach, B.T., and Hooper, R.P., 2001,

Nitrogen input to the Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 30, no. 2, p. 329-336.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Aulenbach, B.T., and Hooper, R.P., 2000,

Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 75-86, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00532-X.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Aulenbach, B.T., and Hooper, R.P., 1999,

Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 203-213.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Fallon, J.D., Aga, D.S., Kolpin, D.W., and Thurman, E.M., 1993,

Persistence of herbicides in selected reservoirs in the Midwestern United States--Some preliminary results, in Goolsby, D.A., Boyer, L.L., and Mallard, G.E., eds., Selected papers on agricultural chemicals in water resources of the Midcontinental United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-418, p. 51-63.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Fallon, J.D., Aga, D.S., Koplin, D.W., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

Persistence of herbicides in selected reservoirs in the Midwestern United States--Some preliminary results, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 487-497.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Lawrence, G.B., Artz, R.S., Aulenbach, B.T., Hooper, R.P., Keeney, D.R., and Stensland, G.J., 1999,

Flux and sources of nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin--Topic 3, Report for the integrated assessment on hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 17, 129 p.

Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., and Thurman, E.M., 1993,

Occurrence and transport of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River basin, July through August 1993--Floods in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1120-C, 22 p.

Goolsby, D.A., Boyer, L.L., and Battaglin, W.A., 1994,

Plan of study to determine the effect of changes in herbicide use on herbicide concentrations in midwestern streams, 1989-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-347, 14 p.

Goolsby, D.A., Coupe, R.H., and Markovchick, D.J., 1991,

Distribution of selected herbicides and nitrate in the Mississippi River and its major tributaries, April through June 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4163, 35 p.

Goolsby, D.A., and Pereira, W.E., 1996,

Pesticides in the Mississippi River, in Meade, R.H., ed., Contaminants in the Mississippi River: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1133, p. 86-101.

Goolsby, D.A., Scribner, E.A., Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M.T., and Pomes, M.L., 1995,

Data on selected herbicides and two triazine metabolites in precipitation in the midwestern and northeastern United States, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-469, 341 p.

Goolsby, D.A., Thurman, E.M., and Kolpin, D.W., 1991,

Geographic and temporal distribution of herbicides in surface waters of the upper midwestern United States, 1989-90, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 183-188.

Goolsby, D.A., Thurman, E.M., Pomes, M.L., Meyer, M., and Battaglin, W.A., 1996,

Occurrence, deposition, and long range transport of herbicides in precipitation in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 411-421.

Goolsby, D.A., Thurman, E.M., Pomes, M.L., Meyer, M., and Battaglin, W.A., 1993,

Occurrence, deposition, and long range transport of herbicides in precipitation in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States, in Goolsby, D.A., Boyer, L.L., and Mallard, G.E., eds., Selected papers on agricultural chemicals in water resources of the Midcontinental United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-418, p. 75-89.

Goolsby, D.A., Thurman, E.M., Pomes, M.L., Meyer, M.T., and Battaglin, W.A., 1997,

Herbicides and their metabolites in rainfall--Origin, transport, and deposition patterns across the midwestern and northeastern United States, 1990-1991: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 5, p. 1325-1333, doi:10.1021/es960847o.

Graham, W.H., Graham, D.W., Denoyelles Jr., F., Smith, V.H., Larive, C.K., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Metolachlor and alachlor breakdown product formation patterns in aquatic field mesocosms: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 24, p. 4471-4476, doi:10.1021/es990686z.

Harvey, C.A., Kolpin, D.W., and Battaglin, W.A., 1996,

Use of geographic information systems and scanning technology to create high-resolution historical land-use data sets: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4100, 41 p.

Hostetler, K.A., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 147-155, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00538-0.

Johnson, G.P., and Coupe, R.H., 1996,

Transport and concentrations of selected herbicides and nitrate in the Sangamon River, Illinois, April 1991 - March 1992, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 471-478.

Kalkhoff, S.J., Kolpin, D.W., Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., and Barcelo, D., 1998,

Degradation of chloroacetanilide herbicides--The prevalence of sulfonic and oxanilic acid metabolites in Iowa ground and surface waters: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 11, p. 1738-1740, doi:10.1021/es971138t.

Kalkhoff, S.J., Lee, K.E., Porter, S.D., Terrio, P.J., and Thurman, E.M., 2003,

Herbicides and herbicide degradation products in upper midwest agricultural streams during August base-flow conditions: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 32, p. 1025-1035.

Kendall, C., Battaglin, W.A., Cabana, G., Chang, C.C., Silva, S.R., Porter, S.D., Goolsby, D.A., Campbell, D.H., Hooper, R.P., and Schmitt, C.J., 1999,

Isotopic tracing of nitrogen sources and cycling in the Mississippi River Basin, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 339-343.

Kolpin, D.W., 2000,

Importance of the Mississippi River Basin for investigating agricultural--chemical contamination of the hydrologic cycle: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 71-72, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00530-6.

Kolpin, D.W., and Burkart, M.R., 1991,

Work plan for regional reconnaissance for selected herbicides and nitrate in ground water of the Midcontinent United States, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-59, 18 p.

Kolpin, D.W., Burkart, M.R., and Thurman, E.M., 1994,

Herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers of the Mid-Continent United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2413, 34 p.

Kolpin, D.W., Burkart, M.R., and Thurman, E.M., 1993,

Hydrogeologic, water-quality and land-use data for the reconnaissance of herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers of the Midcontinental United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-114, 61 p.

Kolpin, D.W., Fischer, E.E., and Schnoebelen, D.J., 2000,

Water-quantity and water-quality aspects of a 500-year flood--Nishnabotna River, southwest Iowa, June 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4025, 6 p.

Kolpin, D.W., Goolsby, D.A., Aga, D.S., Iverson, J.L., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

Pesticides in near-surface aquifers--Results of the Midcontinental United States ground-water reconnaissance, 1991-92, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 505-513.

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Pesticides in near-surface aquifers--Results of the Midcontinental United States ground-water reconnaissance, 1991-92, in Goolsby, D.A., Boyer, L.L., and Mallard, G.E., eds., Selected papers on agricultural chemicals in water resources of the Midcontinental United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-418, p. 64-74.

Kolpin, D.W., Hallberg, G., Sneck-Fahrer, D.A., and Libra, R., 1997,

Agricultural chemicals in Iowa's ground water, 1982-95 -- What are the trends: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-116-97, 4 p.

Kolpin, D.W., and Kalkhoff, S.J., 1993,

Atrazine degradation in a small stream in Iowa: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 134-139, doi:10.1021/es00038a014.

Kolpin, D.W., Kalkhoff, S.J., Goolsby, D.A., Sneck-Fahrer, D.A., and Thurman, E.M., 1997,

Occurrence of selected herbicides and herbicide degradation products in Iowa's ground water, 1995: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 4, p. 679-688, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00134.x.

Kolpin, D.W., Nations, B.K., Goolsby, D.A., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

Acetochlor in the hydrologic system in the midwestern United States, 1994: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 5, p. 1459-1464, doi:10.1021/es9503241.

Kolpin, D.W., Schnoebelen, D.J., and Thurman, E.M., 2004,

Degradates provide insight to spatial and temporal trends of herbicides in ground water: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 4, p. 601-608, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02628.x.

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Herbicides in ground water of the Midwest--A regional study of shallow aquifers, 1991-94: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-076-98, 4 p.

Kolpin, D.W., and Thurman, E.M., 1995,

Post-flood occurrence of selected agricultural chemicals and volatile organic compounds in near-surface unconsolidated aquifers in the Mississippi River Basin, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1120G, 20 p.

Kolpin, D.W., Thurman, E.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1996,

Occurrence of selected pesticides and their metabolites in near-surface aquifers of the midwestern United States: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 335-340, doi:10.1021/es950341q.

Kolpin, D.W., Thurman, E.M., and Linhart, S.M., 2001,

Occurrence of cyanazine compounds in groundwater--Degradates more prevalent than the parent compound: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1217-1222, doi:10.1021/es001520x.

Kolpin, D.W., Thurman, E.M., and Linhart, S.M., 2000,

Finding minimal herbicide concentrations in ground water? Try looking for their degradates: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 115-122, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00535-5.

Kolpin, D.W., Thurman, E.M., and Linhart, S.M., 1999,

Finding minimal herbicide concentrations in ground water? Try looking for the degradates, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 247-254.

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The environmental occurrence of herbicides--The importance of degradates in ground water: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 385-390, doi:10.1007/s002449900392.

Kolpin, D.W., Zichelle, K.E., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

Water-quality data for pesticides, nutrients, and volatile organic compounds in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental United States, 1992-1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-435, 47 p.

Lawrence, G.B., Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 1999,

Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 331-337.

Lawrence, G.B., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., and Stensland, G.J., 2000,

Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin--emissions, deposition and transport: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 87-99, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1.

Lee, E.A., Kish, J.L., Zimmerman, L.R., and Thurman, E.M., 2001,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Update and additions to the determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradation compounds in water using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-10, 17 p.

Lee, E.A., and Strahan, A.P., 2003,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of acetamide herbicides and their degradation products in water using online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-173, 17 p.

Lee, E.A., Strahan, A.P., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group - Determination of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate in water using online solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-454, 13 p.

Lee, E.A., Strahan, A.P., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of triazine and phenylurea herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-436, 26 p.

Lee, E.A., Zimmerman, L.R., Bhullar, B.S., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, no. 19, p. 4937-4943, doi:10.1021/ac020208y.

Lerch, R.N., Blanchard, P.E., and Thurman, E.M., 1998,

Contribution of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products to the total atrazine load in midwestern streams: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 40-48, doi:10.1021/es970447g.

Lerch, R.N., Thurman, E.M., and Blanchard, P.E., 1999,

Hydroxyatrazine in soils and sediments: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 10, p. 2161-2168, doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2161:HISAS>2.3.CO;2.

Lerch, R.N., Thurman, E.M., and Kruger, E.L., 1997,

Mixed-mode sorption of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products to soil--A mechanism for bound residue: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 5, p. 1539-1546, doi:10.1021/es960811w.

Lin, C.H., Lerch, R.N., Thurman, E.M., Garrett, H.E., and George, M.F., 2002,

Determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 21, p. 5816-5824, doi:10.1021/jf025622d.

Liu, S., Lu, J., Kolpin, D.W., and Meeker, W.Q., 1997,

Analysis of environmental data with censored observations: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3358-3362, doi:10.1021/es960695x.

Liu, S., Yen, S., and Kolpin, D.W., 1996,

Pesticides in groundwater--Do atrazine metabolites matter?: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 32, no. 4, p. 845-853, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03481.x.

Majewski, M.S., Foreman, W.F., Goolsby, D.A., and Nakagaki, N., 1998,

Airborne pesticide residues along the Mississippi River: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 23, p. 3689-3698, doi:10.1021/es9802403.

Majewski, M.S., Foreman, W.T., and Goolsby, D.A., 2000,

Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, part I -- rain: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 201-212, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00543-4.

Majewski, M.S., Foreman, W.T., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999,

Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, Part I--Rain, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 255-261.

McIsaac, G.F., David, M.B., Gertner, G.Z., and Goolsby, D.A., 2002,

Relating net nitrogen input in the Mississippi River Basin to nitrate flux in the Lower Mississippi River--A comparison of approaches: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 31, p. 1610-1622.

Meyer, M.T., Bumgarner, J.E., Varns, J.L., Daughtridge, J.V., Thurman, E.M., and Hostetler, K.A., 2000,

Use of radioimmunoassay as a screen for antibiotics in confined animal feeding operations and confirmation by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 181-187, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00541-0.

Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1993,

Automated-solid phase extraction of herbicides from water for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis: Journal of Chromatography, v. 629, no. 1, p. 55-59, doi:10.1016/0021-9673(93)80353-A.

Meyer, M.T., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

The transport and degradation of cyanazine metabolites in surface water of the Midwestern United States, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 463-470.

Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 2001,

Differentiating nonpoint sources of deisopropylatrazine in surface water using discrimination diagrams: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 30, no. 5, p. 1836-1843.

Mills, M.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1994,

Preferential dealkylation reactions of s-triazine herbicides in the unsaturated zone: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 600-605, doi:10.1021/es00053a011.

Mills, M.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1994,

Reduction of nonpoint-source contamination of surface water and ground water by starch encapsulation of herbicides: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 73-79, doi:10.1021/es00050a011.

Mills, M.S., Thurman, E.M., Wing, R.E., and Barnes, P.L., 1991,

Dissipation of starch-encapsulated herbicides--A field comparison with powdered herbicides, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 203-209.

Mills, P.C., Kolpin, D.W., Scribner, E.A., and Thurman, E.M., 2005,

Herbicides and degradates in shallow aquifers of Illinois - Spatial and temporal trends: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 41, no. 3, p. 537-547, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03753.x.

Moody, J.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 1996,

Chemical character of the Mississippi River, in Meade, R.H., ed., Contaminants in the Mississippi River, 1987-92: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1133, p. 31-39.

Moody, J.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1993,

Spatial variability of triazine herbicides in the lower Mississippi River: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 27, no. 10, p. 2120-2126, doi:10.1021/es00047a018.

Morton, M.D., Walters, F.H., Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., and Larive, C.K., 1997,

Nuclear magnetic resonance identification of new solfonic acid metabolites of chloroacetanilide herbicides: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 45, no. 4, p. 1240-1243, doi:10.1021/jf960453g.

Mueller, D.K., Ruddy, B.C., and Battaglin, W.A., 1996,

Relation of nitrate concentrations in surface water to land use in the Upper-Midwestern United States, 1989-90, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 441-448.

Mueller, D.K., Ruddy, B.C., and Battaglin, W.A., 1993,

Relation of nitrate concentrations in surface water to land use in the upper-Midwestern United States, 1989-90, in Goolsby, D.A., Boyer, L.L., and Mallard, G.E., eds., Selected papers on agricultural chemicals in water resources of the Midcontinental United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-418, p. 41-50.

Pereira, W.E., and Hostettler, F.D., 1993,

Nonpoint source contamination of the Mississippi River and its tributaries by herbicides: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1542-1552, doi:10.1021/es00045a008.

Pereira, W.E., and Rostad, C.E., 1990,

Occurrence, distributions, and transport of herbicides and their degradation products in the lower Mississippi River and its tributaries: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 24, no. 9, p. 1400-1406, doi:10.1021/es00079a015.

Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C.E., and Leiker, T.J., 1992,

Synthetic organic agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries--Distribution, transport and fate: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 9, p. 175-188, doi:10.1016/0169-7722(92)90057-L.

Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C.E., and Leiker, T.J., 1990,

Distribution of agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its tributaries: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 97/98, p. 41-53, doi:10.1016/0048-9697(90)90229-N.

Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C.E., and Leiker, T.J., 1989,

Preliminary assessment of the fate and transport of synthetic organic agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its tributaries, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 453-464.

Phillips, P.J., Wall, G.R., Thurman, E.M., Eckhardt, D.A., and Vanhoesen, J., 1999,

Metolachlor and its metabolites in tile drain and stream runoff in the Canajoharie Creek watershed: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 20, p. 3531-3537, doi:10.1021/es9811997.

Pinsky, P., Lorber, M., Johnson, K., Kross, B., Burmeister, L., Wilkins, A., Hallberg, G., and Thurman, M., 1997,

A study of the temporal variability of atrazine in private well water. Part II--Analysis of data: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 47, no. 2, p. 197-221, doi:10.1023/A:1005704920640.

Pomes, M.L., Holub, D.F., Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

Isocratic separation of alachlor ethanesulfonic acid, alachlor oxoacetic acid, and hydroxyatrazine by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 393-400.

Pomes, M.L., Thurman, E.M., Aga, D.S., and Goolsby, D.A., 1998,

Evaluation of microtiter-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in rainfall: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 163-168, doi:10.1021/es970462l.

Pomes, M.L., Thurman, E.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1991,

Comparison of microtitre-plate, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for analysis of herbicides in storm runoff samples, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 572-575.

Rebich, R.A., Coupe, R.H., and Thurman, E.M., 2004,

Herbicide concentrations in the Mississippi River Basin--the importance of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradates: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 321, no. 1-3, p. 189-199, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.09.006.

Scribner, E.A., Battaglin, W.A., Goolsby, D.A., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Changes in herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams in relation to changes in use, 1989-1998: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 255-263, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00547-1.

Scribner, E.A., Battaglin, W.A., Goolsby, D.A., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Changes in herbicide concentrations in midwestern streams in relation to changes in use, 1989-98, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 313-321.

Scribner, E.A., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Meyer, M.T., and Thurman, E.M., 2006,

Concentrations of selected herbicides, herbicide degradation products, and nutrients in the lower Mississippi river, Louisiana, April 1991 through December 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 165, 84 p.

Scribner, E.A., Goolsby, D.A., Thurman, E.M., and Battaglin, W.A., 1998,

A reconnaissance for selected herbicides and nutrients in streams of nine Midwestern States, 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-181, 44 p.

Scribner, E.A., Goolsby, D.A., Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M.T., and Battaglin, W.A., 1996,

Concentrations of selected herbicides, herbicide metabolites, and nutrients in outflow from selected midwestern reservoirs, April 1992 through September 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-393, 128 p.

Scribner, E.A., Goolsby, D.A., Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M.T., and Pomes, M.L., 1994,

Concentrations of selected herbicides, two triazine metabolites, and nutrients in storm runoff from nine stream basins in the midwestern United States, 1990-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-396, 144 p.

Scribner, E.A., Thurman, E.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1996,

Reconnaissance data for selected herbicides and two atrazine metabolites in surface water of the Midwestern United States--Chemical analysis by immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 449-453.

Scribner, E.A., Thurman, E.M., Goolsby, D.A., Meyer, M.T., Battaglin, W.A., and Kolpin, D.W., 2005,

Summary of significant results from studies of triazine herbicides and their degradation products in surface water, ground water, and precipitation in the midwestern United States during the 1990s: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5094, 33 p.

Scribner, E.A., Thurman, E.M., Goolsby, D.A., Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., and Pomes, M.L., 1993,

Reconnaissance data for selected herbicides, two atrazine metabolites, and nitrate in surface water of the Midwestern United States, 1989-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-457, 77 p.

Scribner, E.A., Thurman, E.M., and Zimmerman, L.R., 2000,

Analysis of selected herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water of the United States: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 157-167, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00539-2.

Stamer, J.K., Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1998,

Herbicides in Midwestern reservoir outflows, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-134-98, 4 p.

Stamer, J.K., Goolsby, D.A., and Thurman, E.M., 1998,

Herbicides in rain fall across the Midwestern and Northeastern United States, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-181-97, 4 p.

Tauler, R., Bercelo, D., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 16, p. 3307-3314, doi:10.1021/es000884m.

Thurman, E.M., and Cromwell, A.E., 2000,

Atmospheric transport, deposition, and fate of triazine herbicides and their metabolites in pristine areas at Isle Royale National Park: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 15, p. 3079-3085, doi:10.1021/es000995l.

Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., and Barcelo, D., 2001,

Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 22, p. 5441-5449, doi:10.1021/ac010506f.

Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., and Parry, R., 2002,

Accurate mass analysis of ethanesulfonic acid degradates of acetochlor and alachlor using high-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography, v. 957, no. 1, p. 3-9, doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01470-4.

Thurman, E.M., Goolsby, D.A., Aga, D.S., Pomes, M.L., and Meyer, M.T., 1996,

Occurrence of alachlor and its sulfonated metabolite in rivers and reservoirs of the midwestern U.S.--The importance of sulfonation in the transport of chloroacetanilide herbicides: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 569-574, doi:10.1021/es950341q.

Thurman, E.M., Goolsby, D.A., Meyer, M.T., and Kolpin, D.W., 1991,

Herbicides in surface waters of the Midwestern United States--The effect of spring flush: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 25, no. 10, p. 1794-1796, doi:10.1021/es00022a018.

Thurman, E.M., Goolsby, D.A., Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., Pomes, M.L., and Kolpin, D.W., 1992,

A reconnaissance study of herbicides and their metabolites in surface water of the Midwestern United States using immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2440-2447, doi:10.1021/es00036a016.

Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M., and Adams, C.D., 1991,

Analysis of atrazine metabolites by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 568-571.

Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., Zimmerman, L.R., Perry, C.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1994,

Formation and transport of deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine in surface water: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 13, p. 2267-2277, doi:10.1021/es00062a010.

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Chemistry, degradation, and transport of triazine herbicide metabolites in surface water, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 455-462.

Thurman, E.M., and Scribner, E.A., 2008,

A decade of measuring, monitoring, and studying the fate and transport of triazine herbicides in groundwater, surface water, reservoirs, and precipitation by the U.S. Geological Survey (Chapter 30), in LeBaron, H.M., McFarland, J., and Burnside, O., eds., The Triazine Herbicides: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Elsevier Science, ISBN:978-0-444-51167-6.

Vandas, S.J., Winter, T.C., and Battaglin, W.A., 2002,

Water and the environment: Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute, 65 p., ISBN:0-922152-63-2.

Verstraeten, I.M., Thurman, E.M., Lindsey, M.E., Lee, E.C., and Smith, R.D., 2002,

Changes in concentrations of triazine and acetamide herbicides by bank filtration. ozonation, and chlorination in a public water supply: Journal of Hydrology, v. 266, p. 190-208, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00163-4.

Worrall, F., 2001,

A molecular topology approach to predicting pesticide pollution of groundwater: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 35, no. 11, p. 2282-2287, doi:10.1021/es001593g.

Worrall, F., Besien, T., and Kolpin, D.W., 2002,

Groundwater vulnerability--Interactions of chemical and site properties: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 299, p. 131-143, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00270-X.

Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2004,

Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution - combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors: Journal of Hydrology, v. 293, no. 1-4, p. 191-204, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013.

Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2003,

Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from single observations of multiple contaminants: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1345-1352, 2002WR001212, doi:10.1029/2002WR001212.

Yen, S., Liu, S., and Kolpin, D.W., 1996,

Analysis of nitrate in near-surface aquifers in the midcontinental United States--An application of the inverse hyperbolic sine Tobit model: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 10, p. 3003-3011, 96WR02102, doi:10.1029/96WR02102.

Zimmerman, L.R., Hostetler, K.A., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-182, 30 p.

Zimmerman, L.R., Schneider, R.J., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1045-1052, doi:10.1021/jf010779b.

Zimmerman, L.R., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Method of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-634, 21 p.

There are 171 on-line publications in this section of the bibliography. The Toxics Bibliographic Data Base was last updated on 8/4/09.

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