Agricultural Chemicals

Occurrence and fate of chemicals used for agriculture

Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 2001,

Formation and transport of the sulfonic acid metabolites of alachlor and metolachlor in soil: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 35, no. 12, p. 2455-2460, doi:10.1021/es991264s.

Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., and Pomes, M.L., 1996,

Measurement of concentrations of alachlor and its ethanesulfonic acid metabolite in water by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 385-392.

Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., Yockel, M.E., Zimmerman, L.R., and Williams, T.D., 1996,

Identification of a new sulfonic acid metabolite of metolachlor in soil: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 592-597, doi:10.1021/es9503600.

Anderholm, S.K., 1986,

Reconnaissance of hydrology, land use, ground-water chemistry and effects of land use on ground-water chemistry in the Albuquerque-Belen basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4174, 37 p.

Antweiler, R.C., Goolsby, D.A., and Taylor, H.E., 1996,

Nutrients in the Mississippi River, 1987-92, in Meade, R.H., ed., Contaminants in the Mississippi River: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1133, p. 73-85.

Arai, Y., Lanzirotti, A., Sutton, S., Davis, J.A., and Sparks, D.L., 2003,

Arsenic speciation and reactivity in poultry litter: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 37, p. 4083-4090, doi:10.1021/es0340580.

Aulenbach, B.T., Buxton, H.T., Battaglin, W.A., and Coupe, R.H., 2007,

Streamflow and nutrient fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and subbasins for the period of record through 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1080 (On-line only).

Bachman, L.J., Krantz, D.E., and Böhlke, J.K., 2002,

Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water geochemistry and assessment of nitrogen yield from base flow in two agricultural watersheds, Kent County, Maryland: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-02/008, 93 p.

Baker, N.T., Stone, W.W., Wilson, J.T., and Meyer, M.T., 2006,

Occurrence and transport of agricultural chemicals in Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5251, 44 p.

Barringer, T.A., Dunn, D., Battaglin, W., and Vowinkel, E.F., 1990,

Problems and methods involved in relating land use to ground-water quality: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 26, no. 1, p. 1-9, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01345.x.

Barton, C., Vowinkel, E.F., and Nawyn, J.P., 1987,

Preliminary assessment of water quality and its relation to hydrogeology and land use--Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4023, 79 p.

Battaglin, W., Drewes, J., Bruce, B., and McHugh, M., 2007,

Contaminants of emerging concern in the environment: Water Resources Impact, v. 9, no. 3, p. 3-4.

Battaglin, W.A., and Fairchild, J., 2002,

Potential toxicity of pesticides measured in midwestern streams to aquatic organisms: Water Science and Technology, v. 45, no. 9, p. 95-103.

Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2001,

Concentration of selected sulfonylurea, sulfonamide, and imadazolinone herbicides, other pesticides, and nutrients in 71 streams, 5 reservoir outflows, and 25 wells in the midwestern United States, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4225, 123 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., and Peter, C.J., 2000,

Occurrence of sulfonylurea, sulfonamide, imidazolinone, and other herbicides in rivers, reservoirs and ground water in the Midwestern United States, 1998: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 123-133, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00536-7.

Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., and Peter, C.J., 1999,

Occurrence of sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and other herbicides in midwestern rivers, reservoirs, and ground water, 1998, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 215-225.

Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., and Peter, C.J., 1998,

A reconnaissance for sulfonylurea herbicides in waters of the Midwestern USA: An example of collaboration between the public and private sectors: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-046-98, 4 p.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999,

Are shifts in herbicide use reflected in concentration changes in midwestern rivers?: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 17, p. 2917-2925, doi:10.1021/es9900149.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1998,

Regression models of herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-1993: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1369-1390, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05438.x.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1997,

Statistical modeling of agricultural chemical occurrence in midwestern rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 196, no. 1-4, p. 1-25, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00011-5.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1996,

Using GIS and regression to estimate annual herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-93, in AWRA Symposium on GIS and Water Resources, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, September 22-26, 1996: American Water Resources Association.

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1995,

Spatial data in Geographic Information System format on agricultural chemical use, land use, and cropping practices in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4176, 87 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Goolsby, D.A., and Coupe, R., 1993,

Annual use and transport of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River, 1991-92, in Goolsby, D.A., Boyer, L.L., and Mallard, G.E., eds., Selected papers on agricultural chemicals in water resources of the Midcontinental United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-418, p. 26-40.

Battaglin, W.A., Goolsby, D.A., and Coupe, R.H., 1996,

Annual use and transport of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River, 1991-92, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 429-440.

Battaglin, W.A., and Hay, L.E., 1996,

Effects of sampling strategies on estimates of annual mean herbicide concentrations in midwestern rivers: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 3, p. 889-896, doi:10.1021/es950351r.

Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, D.H., 2001,

Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1285-1300, doi:10.1002/hyp.214.

Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, D.H., 2001,

Isotopic and chemical composition of inorganic and organic water-quality samples from the Mississippi River Basin, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4095, 57 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Goolsby, D.A., and Boyer, L.L., 1997,

Plan of study to determine if the isotopic ratios δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O can reveal the sources of nitrate discharged by the Mississippi River into the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-230, 18 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Kolpin, D.W., Scribner, E.A., Kuivila, K.M., and Sandstrom, M.W., 2005,

Glyphasate, other herbicides, and transformation products in midwestern streams, 2002: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 41, no. 2, p. 323-332, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03738.x.

Battaglin, W.A., Kuivila, K., Winton, K., and Meyer, M., 2008,

Occurrence of chlorothalonil, its transformation products, and selected other pesticides in Texas and Oklahoma streams, 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5016, 9 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Thurman, E.M., Kalkhoff, S.J., and Porter, S.D., 2003,

Herbicides and transformation products in surface waters of the midwestern United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 4, p. 743-756, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04402.x.

Battaglin, W.A., Thurman, E.M., Kolpin, D.W., Scribner, E.A., Sandstrom, M.W., and Kuivila, K.M., 2003,

Work plan for determining the occurrence of glyphosate, its transformation product AMPA, other herbicide compounds, and antibiotics in midwestern United States streams, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-69, 18 p.

Battaglin, W.A., Ulery, R., Welborn, T., and Winterstein, T., 2003,

Susceptibility of surface water in Texas to nonpoint source pesticide contamination, in Kolpin, D., and Williams, J.W., eds., AWRA 2003 Spring Specialty Conference: Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality, Kansas City, Missouri, May 12-14, 2003: American Water Resources Association, p. on CD-ROM, TPS-03-1, ISBN:1-882132-61-0.

Battaglin, W.A., Ulery, R.L., Winterstein, T., and Welborn, T., 2003,

Estimating the susceptibility of surface water in Texas to nonpoint-source contamination by use of logistic regression modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4205, 24 p.

Bergamaschi, B.A., Kuivila, K.M., and Fram, M.S., 1999,

Pesticides associated with suspended sediments in the San Francisco Bay during the first flush, December 1995, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 23-33.

Blevins, D.W., 1991,

Planned studies of movement of nitrogen species and herbicides on claypan soils at the Management Systems Evaluation Area, Missouri, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 240-242.

Blevins, D.W., Wilkison, D.H., Silva, S.R., and Kelly, B.P., 1996,

Use of 15N to trace movement of nitrogen fertilizer at a field plot, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 401-409.

Blickwedel, R.S., and Wood, C.R., 1989,

Relation of ground-water quality to land use in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania--Camden, New Jersey area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4211, 58 p.

Böhlke, J.K., Antweiler, R.C., Harvey, J.W., Laursen, A.E., Smith, L.K., Smith, R.L., and Voytek, M.A., 2009,

Multi-scale measurements and modeling of denitrification in streams with varying flow and nitrate concentration in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, USA: Biogeochemistry, v. 93, no. 1-2, p. 117-141, doi:10.1007/s10533-008-9282-8.

Böhlke, J.K., and Denver, J.M., 1995,

Combined use of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2319-2339, 95WR01584, doi:10.1029/95WR01584.

Böhlke, J.K., Wanty, R., Tuttle, M., Delin, G., and Landon, M., 2002,

Denitrification in the recharge area and discharge area of a transient agricultural nitrate plume in a glacial outwash sand aquifer, Minnesota: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 7, p. 101-126, 2001WR000663, doi:10.1029/2001WR000663.

Bosch, D.D., Leonard, R.A., and Hubbard, R.K., 1996,

Unsaturated zone transport at the Plains, Georgia field site, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 965-969.

Boxall, A.B.A., Sinclair, C.J., Fenner, K., Kolpin, D., and Maund, S.J., 2004,

When synthetic chemicals degrade in the environment--What are the absolute fate, effects, and potential risks to humans and the ecosystem?: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 19, p. 368A-375A, doi:10.1021/es040624v.

Boxall, A.B.A., Sinclair, C.J., and Kolpin, D.W., 2006,

Potential risks of pesticide degradates to aquatic life, in Gilliom, R.J., and others, eds., Pesticides in the nation's streams and ground water, 1992-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1291, p. 81-86.

Boyd, R.A., 1999,

Herbicides and herbicide degradates in shallow ground water and the Cedar River near a municipal well field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 289-300.

Bradley, P.M., Chapelle, F.H., Jagucki, M.L., and McMahon, P.B., 1994,

Effect of atrazine on potential denitrification in aquifer sediments: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 26, no. 4, p. 523-524, doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)90186-4.

Bratton, J.F., Böhlke, J.K., Krantz, D.E., and Tobias, C.R., 2009,

Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon--The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland: Marine Chemistry, v. 113, no. 1-2, p. 78-92, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.004.

Bratton, J.F., Böhlke, J.K., Manheim, F.T., and Krantz, D.E., 2004,

Ground water beneath coastal bays of the Delmarva Peninsula--Ages and nutrients: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 7, p. 1021-1034, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02641.x.

Brown, J.B., and Battaglin, W.A., 2007,

Striving for collaborative science and communication through the Consortium for Research and Education on Emerging Contaminants (CREEC): Water Resources Impact, v. 9, no. 3, p. 22-24.

Burkart, M., Kolpin, D.W., Jaquis, R., and Cole, K., 2001,

Soil characteristics and agrichemicals in groundwater of the midwestern United States: Water Science and Technology, v. 43, no. 5, p. 251-260.

Burkart, M.R., Kolpin, D.W., and James, D.E., 1999,

Assessing groundwater vulnerability to agrichemical contamination in the midwest U.S.: Water Science and Technology, v. 39, no. 3, p. 103-112.

Burkart, M.R., Ragone, S.E., Thurman, E.M., and Perry, C.A., 1989,

Planned studies of herbicides in ground and surface water in the Midcontinental United States, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 445-452.

Burkholder, J., Libra, B., Weyer, P., Heathcote, S., Kolpin, D.W., Thorne, P.S., and Wichman, M., 2007,

Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) on water quality: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 115, no. 2, p. 308-312, doi:10.1289/ehp.8839.

Burkholder, J., Libra, B., Weyer, P., Heathcote, S., Kolpin, D.W., Thorne, P.S., and Wichman, M., 2006,

Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 115, no. 2, p. 308-312, doi:10.1289/ehp.8839.

Buszka, P.M., 1987,

Relation of water chemistry of the Edwards aquifer to hydrogeology and land use, San Antonio Region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4116, 100 p.

Butler, D.L., Kruger, R., Miller, T., and McCall, S., 1992,

Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Gunnison River area, Colorado, 1988-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4103, 99 p.

CENR, 2000,

Integrated assessment of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico: National Science and Technology Council Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, Washington, D.C., 58 p.

Cain, D.J., and Edelmann, P., 1987,

A reconnaissance water-quality appraisal of the Fountain Creek Alluvial Aquifer between Colorado Springs and Pueblo, Colorado, including trace elements and organic constituents: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4085, 45 p.

Cain, D.J., Helsel, D.R., and Ragone, S.E., 1989,

Preliminary evaluations of regional ground-water quality in relation to land use: Ground Water, v. 27, no. 2, p. 230-244, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00444.x.

Cain, D.J., Helsel, D.R., and Ragone, S.E., 1987,

Reconnaissance appraisals of anthropogenic effects on regional ground-water quality, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. E-25-E-31.

Campagnolo, E.R., Johnson, K.R., Karpati, A., Rubing, C.S., Kolpin, D.W., Meyer, M.T., Esteban, J.E., Currier, R.W., Smith, K., Thu, K.M., and McGeehin, M., 2002,

Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 299, no. 1-3, p. 89-95, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00233-4.

Capel, P.D., 1990,

A bibliography of atrazine and its simple degradation products in the environment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-613, 4 diskettes, 5 p.

Chen, H.H., 1988,

Agricultural chemical contamination of ground water in six areas of the High Plains aquifer, Nebraska, in National water summary 1986--Hydrologic events and ground-water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2325, p. 103-108.

Chen, H.H., and Druliner, A.D., 1987,

Nonpoint-source agricultural chemicals in ground water in Nebraska--Preliminary results for six areas of the High Plains aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4338, 68 p.

Clark, G.M., Broshears, R.E., Hooper, R.P., and Goolsby, D.A., 2002,

Evaluating the influence of source basins on downstream water quality in the Mississippi River: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 38, no. 3, p. 803-818, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00998.x.

Clark, G.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 2000,

Occurrence and load of selected herbicides and metabolites in the lower Mississippi River: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 101-113, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00534-3.

Clark, G.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999,

Discharge of herbicides from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico, 1991-97: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-163-98, 4 p.

Clark, G.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999,

Trends in annual herbicide loads from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 237-246.

Clark, G.M., Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 1999,

Seasonal and annual load of herbicides from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 7, p. 981-986, doi:10.1021/es980962u.

Connell Hancock, T.L., Costello, A.M., Lidstrom, M.E., and Oremland, R.S., 1998,

Strain IMB-1--A novel bacterium for the removal of methyl bromide in fumigated agricultural soils: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 8, p. 2899-2563.

Connell, T.L., Joye, S.B., Miller, L.G., and Oremland, R.S., 1997,

Bacterial oxidation of methyl bromide in Mono Lake, California: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 5, p. 1489-1495, doi:10.1021/es960732k.

Coupe, R.H., Goolsby, D.A., Iverson, J.L., Zaugg, S.D., and Markovchick, D.J., 1995,

Pesticide, nutrient, streamflow and physical property data for the Mississippi River and major tributaries, April 1991-September 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-657, 116 p.

Coupe, R.H., and Johnson, G.P., 1991,

Triazine herbicides in selected streams in Illinois during storm events, spring 1990, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 343-346.

Coupe, R.H., Manning, M.A., Foreman, W.T., Goolsby, D.A., and Majewski, M.S., 2000,

Occurrence of pesticides in rain and air in urban and agricultural areas of Mississippi, April-September 1995: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 227-240, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00545-8.

Coupe, R.H., Manning, M.A., Foreman, W.T., Goolsby, D.A., and Majewski, M.S., 1999,

Occurrence of pesticides in rain and air in urban and agricultural areas of Mississippi, April-September 1995, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 301-312.

Coupe, R.H., Thurman, E.M., and Zimmerman, L.R., 1998,

Relation of usage to the occurrence of cotton and rice herbicides in three streams of the Mississippi Delta: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 23, p. 3673-3680, doi:10.1021/es980342t.

Coupe, R.H., Welch, H.L., Pell, A.B., and Thurman, E.M., 2005,

Herbicide and degradate flux in the Yazoo River Basin: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 85, no. 15, p. 1127-1140, doi:10.1080/03067310500273351.

Crepeau, K.L., Baker, L.M., and Kuivila, K.M., 2000,

Method of analysis and quality assurance practices for determination of pesticides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry at the U.S. Geological Survey California District organic chemistry laboratory, 1996-1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-229, 19 p.

Crepeau, K.L., Domagalski, J.L., and Kuivila, K.M., 1994,

Methods of analysis and quality assurance practices of the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Laboratory, Sacramento, California--Determination of pesticides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gaschromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-362, 17 p.

Crepeau, K.L., Kuivila, K.M., and Domagalski, J.L., 1996,

Concentrations of dissolved rice pesticides in the Colusa Basin Drain and Sacramento River, California, 1990-92, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 711-718.

Crock, J.G., Erdman, J.A., and Severson, R.C., 1991,

Soils and representative plants, in See, R.B., ed., Assessment of selenium in soils, representative plants, water, bottom sediments, and biota in the Kendrick Reclamation Project Area, Wyoming, 1988-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4131, p. 216.

Crock, J.G., Severson, R.C., and Erdman, J.A., 1991,

Water-extractable geochemical data for native and irrigated soils from the Kendrick Reclamation Project area, Wyoming, 1988-89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-394, 16 p.

Cromwell, A.E., and Thurman, E.M., 1996,

Atrazine transport and degradation in a pristine watershed--The fate of atrazine deposited by precipitation, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 423-428.

Delin, G.N., Anderson, J.L., and Dowdy, R.H., 1991,

Integrated hydrologic research at the Northern Corn Belt Sand-Plain Management System Evaluation Area, Minnesota, in Mallard, G.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 214-218.

Delin, G.N., Healy, R.W., Landon, M.K., and Böhlke, J.K., 2000,

Effects of topography and soil properties on recharge at two sites in an agricultural field: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1401-1416, AWRA Paper Number 99095, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05735.x.

Delin, G.N., and Landon, M.K., 2002,

Effects of surface run-off on the transport of agricultural chemicals to ground water in a sandplain setting: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 295, no. 1-3, p. 143-155, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00071-2.

Delin, G.N., and Landon, M.K., 2002,

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Occurrence and transport of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River basin, July through August 1993--Floods in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1120-C, 22 p.

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Plan of study to determine the effect of changes in herbicide use on herbicide concentrations in midwestern streams, 1989-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-347, 14 p.

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Distribution of selected herbicides and nitrate in the Mississippi River and its major tributaries, April through June 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4163, 35 p.

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Data on selected herbicides and two triazine metabolites in precipitation in the midwestern and northeastern United States, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-469, 341 p.

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Geochemistry of soils and shallow ground water, with emphasis on arsenic and selenium, in part of the Garrison Diversion Unit, North Dakota, 1985-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4104, 132 p.

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Geographic and temporal distribution of herbicides in surface waters of the upper midwestern United States, 1989-90, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 183-188.

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Herbicides and their metabolites in rainfall--Origin, transport, and deposition patterns across the midwestern and northeastern United States, 1990-1991: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 5, p. 1325-1333, doi:10.1021/es960847o.

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Statistical comparison of ground-water quality in four land-use areas of stratified-drift aquifers in Connecticut, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 473-481.

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Preliminary appraisal of the effects of land use on water quality in stratified-drift aquifers in Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4005, 41 p.

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Metolachlor and alachlor breakdown product formation patterns in aquatic field mesocosms: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 24, p. 4471-4476, doi:10.1021/es990686z.

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Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Angostura Reclamation Unit, southwestern South Dakota 1988-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4152, 75 p.

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Chemical and microbiological water quality of subsurface agricultural drains during a field trial of liquid dairy manure effluent application rate and varying tillage practices, Upper Tiffin Watershed, southeastern Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1189, 38 p.

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Chemical results for bottom material for Department of the Interior Irrigation and Drainage Task Group studies 1988-1989, Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-50, 47 p.

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Use of geographic information systems and scanning technology to create high-resolution historical land-use data sets: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4100, 41 p.

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Effects of land-use buffer size on Spearman's partial correlations of land use and shallow ground-water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4163, 28 p.

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Analysis of atrazine metabolites by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 568-571.

Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., Zimmerman, L.R., Perry, C.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1994,

Formation and transport of deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine in surface water: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 13, p. 2267-2277, doi:10.1021/es00062a010.

Thurman, E.M., Mills, M.S., and Meyer, M.T., 1996,

Chemistry, degradation, and transport of triazine herbicide metabolites in surface water, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 455-462.

Thurman, E.M., and Scribner, E.A., 2008,

A decade of measuring, monitoring, and studying the fate and transport of triazine herbicides in groundwater, surface water, reservoirs, and precipitation by the U.S. Geological Survey (Chapter 30), in LeBaron, H.M., McFarland, J., and Burnside, O., eds., The Triazine Herbicides: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Elsevier Science, ISBN:978-0-444-51167-6.

Thurman, E.M., Zimmerman, L.R., Scribner, E.A., and Coupe, R.H., Jr., 1998,

Occurrence of cotton pesticides in surface water of the Mississippi Embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-022-98, 4 p.

Tidball, R.R., Briggs, P.H., Crock, J.G., Kennedy, K.R., Stewart, K.C., Vaughn, B., and Welsch, E.P., 1990,

Analysis of soil samples from the Fernley area--Churchill, Lyon, and Washoe Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-85, 11 p.

Tindall, J.A., Petrusak, R.L., and McMahon, P.B., 1995,

Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media: Journal of Hydrology, v. 169, no. 1-4, p. 51-94, doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)02666-Y.

Tindall, J.A., and Vencill, W.K., 1996,

Atrazine transport through preferential pathways at the Missouri MSEA, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 607-611.

Tindall, J.A., and Vencill, W.K., 1995,

Transport of atrazine, 2,4-D, and dicamba through preferential flowpaths in an unsaturated claypan soil near Centralia, Missouri: Journal of Hydrology, v. 166, no. 1-2, p. 37-59, doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)02603-9.

Vandas, S.J., Winter, T.C., and Battaglin, W.A., 2002,

Water and the environment: Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute, 65 p., ISBN:0-922152-63-2.

Venkatesan, M.I., de Leon, R.P., van Geen, A., and Luoma, S.N., 1999,

Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment cores from San Francisco Bay, in The impact of human activities on sediments of San Francisco Bay, California, van Geen, A., and Luoma, S.N., eds.,: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 85-97, doi:10.1016/S0304-4203(98)90086-X.

Verstraeten, I.M., Thurman, E.M., Lindsey, M.E., Lee, E.C., and Smith, R.D., 2002,

Changes in concentrations of triazine and acetamide herbicides by bank filtration. ozonation, and chlorination in a public water supply: Journal of Hydrology, v. 266, p. 190-208, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00163-4.

Vowinkel, E.F., 1996,

Vulnerability of water from public supply wells to contamination by pesticides, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, New Jersey Coastal Plain, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 1021-1028.

Vowinkel, E.F., 1991,

Comparison of relations between shallow ground-water quality and land use in two New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifer systems, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 307-313.

Vowinkel, E.F., and Battaglin, W.A., 1989,

Methods of evaluating the relation of ground-water quality to land use in a New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifer system, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 405-410.

Vowinkel, E.F., Clawges, R.M., Buxton, D.E., Stedfast, D.A., and Louis, J.B., 1996,

Vulnerability of public drinking water supplies in New Jersey to pesticides: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-165-96, 3 p.

Vowinkel, E.F., and Siwiec, S.F., 1991,

Plan to evaluate the effects of hydrogeologic conditions and human activities on water quality in the Coastal Plain of New York and New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4091, 7 p.

Wang, W., and Squillace, P.J., 1994,

Herbicide interchange between a stream and the adjacent alluvial aquifer: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 13, p. 2336-2344, doi:10.1021/es00062a018.

Wanty, R.B., Tuttle, M.L., Böhlke, J.K., and Briggs, P.H., 1994,

Chemical analyses of ground and surface water from Battle Brook drainage basin, near Princeton, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-129, 26 p.

Wanty, R.B., Tuttle, M.L., Landon, M.K., Delin, G.N., and Böhlke, J.K., 1996,

Geochemistry of nitrogen in a farmed watershed near Princeton, Minnesota, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 591-596.

Welch, A.H., and Lico, M.S., 1988,

Arsenic in an alluvial-lacustrine aquifer, Carson Desert, western Nevada, in Ragone, S.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the second technical meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. E-9-E-13.

Welch, A.H., Lico, M.S., and Hughes, J.L., 1988,

Arsenic in ground water of the Western United States: Ground Water, v. 26, no. 3, p. 333-347, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00397.x.

Wells, F.C., Jackson, G.A., and Rogers, W.J., 1988,

Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the lower Rio Grande Valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, 1986-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4277, 89 p.

Whitehead, A., Kuivila, K.M., Orlando, J.L., Kotelevtsev, S., and Anderson, S.L., 2004,

Genotoxicity in native fish associated with agricultural runoff events: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 12, p. 2868-2877, doi:10.1897/03-649.1.

Wilde, F.D., Britton, L.J., Miller, C.V., and Kolpin, D.W., 2000,

Effects of animal feeding operations on water resources and the environment--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Fort Collins, Colorado, August 30-September 1, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-204, 107 p.

Wilkison, D., 1998,

U.S. Geological Survey research at Management Systems Evaluation Areas, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 042-98, 4 p.

Wilkison, D.H., Blevins, D.W., Kelly, B.P., and Wallace, W.C., 1994,

Hydrology and water quality in claypan soil and glacial till at the Missouri Manangement Systems Evaluation Area near Centralia, Mo.--May 1991 to September 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-705-W, 65 p.

Wilkison, D.H., Blevins, D.W., and Silva, S.R., 2000,

Use of isotopically labeled fertilizer to trace nitrogen fertilizer contributions to surface, soil, and ground water: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 8, no. 6, p. 1-16 (Abstract).

Williams, J.D., Kolpin, D.W., and eds., 2003,

Agricultural hydrology and water quality, in Proceedings of the AWRA 2003 Spring Specialty Conference: Kansas City, MO, American Water Resources Association, p. CD-ROM.

Williams, S.L., Carranza, A., Kunzelman, J., Datta, S., and Kuivila, K.M., 2009,

Effects of the herbicide diuron on cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) reflectance and photosynthetic parameters: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 32, no. 1, p. 146-157, doi:10.1007/s12237-008-9114-z.

Woodall, C.A., Warner, K., Oremland, R.S., Murrell, J.C., and McDonald, I.R., 2001,

Identification of methyl halide-utilizing genes in strain IMB-1, a methyl bromide-utilizing bacterium suggests a high degree of conservation of methyl halide-specific genes in gram-negative bacteria: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 67, no. 4, p. 1,959-1,963, doi:10.1128/AEM.67.4.1959-1963.2001.

Worrall, F., 2001,

A molecular topology approach to predicting pesticide pollution of groundwater: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 35, no. 11, p. 2282-2287, doi:10.1021/es001593g.

Worrall, F., Besien, T., and Kolpin, D.W., 2002,

Groundwater vulnerability--Interactions of chemical and site properties: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 299, p. 131-143, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00270-X.

Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2004,

Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution - combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors: Journal of Hydrology, v. 293, no. 1-4, p. 191-204, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013.

Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2003,

Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from single observations of multiple contaminants: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1345-1352, 2002WR001212, doi:10.1029/2002WR001212.

Yen, S., Liu, S., and Kolpin, D.W., 1996,

Analysis of nitrate in near-surface aquifers in the midcontinental United States--An application of the inverse hyperbolic sine Tobit model: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 10, p. 3003-3011, 96WR02102, doi:10.1029/96WR02102.

Zimmerman, L.R., Hostetler, K.A., and Thurman, E.M., 2000,

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-182, 30 p.

Zimmerman, L.R., Schneider, R.J., and Thurman, E.M., 2002,

Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1045-1052, doi:10.1021/jf010779b.

Zimmerman, L.R., and Thurman, E.M., 1999,

Method of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-634, 21 p.

Zimmerman, L.R., Thurman, E.M., and Bastian, K.C., 2000,

Detection of persistent organic pollutants in the Mississippi Delta using semipermeable membrane devices: The Science of the Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 169-179, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00540-9.

Zimmerman, L.R., Thurman, E.M., and Bastian, K.C., 1999,

Detection of persistent organic pollutants in the Mississippi Delta using semipermeable membrane devices, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 of 3--Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 367-379.

There are 454 on-line publications in this section of the bibliography. The Toxics Bibliographic Data Base was last updated on 8/4/09.

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