Natural Attenuation

Natural attenuation and biodegradation of contaminants

Lovley, D.R., Fraga, J.L., Blunt-Harris, E.L., Hayes, L.A., Phillips, E.J.P., and Coates, J.D., 1998,

Humic substances as a mediator for microbially catalyzed metal reduction: Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, v. 26, no. 3, p. 152-157, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-401X(199805)26:3<152::AID-AHEH152>3.0.CO;2-D.

Church, C.K., Pankow, J.F., and Tratnyek, P.G., 1999,

Hydrolosis of tert-butyl formate--Kinetics, products, and implications for the environmental impact of methyl tert-butyl ether: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 12, p. 2789-2796, doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2789:HOTBFK>2.3.CO;2.

Bargar, J.R., Kubicki, J.D., Reitmeyer, R., and Davis, D.A., 2005,

ATR-FTIR characterization of inner-sphere and outer-sphere carbonate surface complexes on hematite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, p. 1527-1542, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.08.002.

Mills, A.L., and Randall, S.E., 1991,

Abundance and distribution of microbial guilds in a subsurface plume of gasoline contamination at Galloway Township, New Jersey, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 263-267.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2007,

Accumulation of dechlorination daughter products--A valid metric of chloroethene biodegradation: Remediation Journal, v. 17, no. 4, p. 7-22, doi:10.1002/rem.20140.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2000,

Acetogenic microbial degradation of vinyl chloride: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 13, p. 2761-2763, doi:10.1021/es991371m.

Stollenwerk, K.G., 1987,

Adsorption and desorption of hexavalent chromium in an alluvial aquifer near Telluride, Colorado, in Ragone, S.E., and Sulam, D.J., eds., Program overview and selected papers from the Toxic-Waste Program technical meeting--Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-324, p. 97-100.

Stollenwerk, K.G., and Grove, D.B., 1985,

Adsorption and desorption of hexavalent chromium in an alluvial aquifer near Telluride, Colorado: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 14, no. 1, p. 150-155.

Anderson, L.D., Kent, D.B., and Davis, J.A., 1991,

Adsorption and reduction of chromium (VI) under toxic conditions in a shallow sand aquifer at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 63-71.

Chattopadhyay, S., and Puls, R.W., 1999,

Adsorption of bacteriophages on clay minerals: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 20, p. 3609-3614, doi:10.1021/es9811492.

Lee, J.F., Mortland, M.M., Chiou, C.T., Kile, D.E., and Boyd, S.A., 1990,

Adsorption of benzene, toluene and xylene by two tetramethylammonium-smectites having different charge densities: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 38, p. 113-120.

Goldberg, M.C., Weiner, E.R., and Boymel, P.M., 1984,

Adsorption of geothite onto quartz and kaolinite: Journal of the Chemical Society, v. 80, p. 1491-1498.

Davis, J.A., 1982,

Adsorption of natural dissolved organic matter at the oxide/water interface: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, p. 2381-2393.

Balistrieri, L.S., and Chao, T.T., 1987,

Adsorption of selenium by iron and manganese oxides--Environmental implications, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. E-19-E-20.

Looney, B.B., Early, T.O., Gilmore, T., Chapelle, F.H., Cutshall, N.H., Ross, J., Ankeny, M., Heitkamp, M., Major, D., Newell, C.J., Waugh, W.J., Wein, G., Vangelas, K.M., Adams, K.M., and Sink, C.H., 2006,

Advancing the science of natural and enhanced attenuation for chlorinated solvents--Final technical document for the monitored natural attenuation and enhanced attenuation for chlorinated solvents project: Washington Savannah River Company WSRC-STI-2006-00377, 79 p.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2000,

Aerobic microbial mineralization of dichloroethene as sole carbon substrate: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 221-223, doi:10.1021/es990785c.

Bradley, P.M., Landmeyer, J.E., and Chapelle, F.H., 1999,

Aerobic mineralization of MTBE and t-butanol by stream-bed-sediment microorganisms, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 87-92.

Bradley, P.M., Landmeyer, J.E., and Chapelle, F.H., 1999,

Aerobic mineralization of MTBE and tert-butyl alcohol by stream-bed sediment microorganisms: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 11, p. 1877-1879, doi:10.1021/es990062t.

Essaid, H.I., Herkelrath, W.N., and Hess, K.M., 1991,

Air, oil, and water distributions at a crude-oil spill site, Bemidji, Minnesota, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 614-620.

Hoeft, S.E., Blum, J.S., Stolz, J.F., Tabita, F.R., Witte, B., King, G.M., Santini, J.M., and Oremland, R.S., 2007,

Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii sp. nov., a novel, arseniteoxidizing haloalkaliphilic gammaproteobacterium capable of chemoautotrophic or heterotrophic growth with nitrate or oxygen as the electron acceptor: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, v. 57, no. 3, p. 504-512, doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64576-0.

Herman, J.S., Mills, A.L., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2002,

Alteration of reactive mineral surfaces by ground water, in Wilkin, R.T., Ludwig, R.D., and Ford, R.G., eds., Proceedings of the Workshop on Monitoring Oxidation-Reduction Processes for Ground-water Restoration, Dallas, Texas, April 25-27, 2000: Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-02/002, p. 39-42.

McDonald, I.R., Kämpfer, P., Topp, E., Warner, K.L., Cox, M.J., Connell Hancock, T.L., Miller, L.G., Larkin, M.J., Ducrocq, V., Coulter, C., Harper, D.B., J.C., M., and Oremland, R.S., 2005,

Aminobacter ciceronei sp. nov. and Aminobacter lissarensis sp. nov., isolated from various terrestrial environments: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, v. 55, no. 5, p. 1827-1832, doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63716-0.

Böhlke, J.K., Smith, R.L., and Miller, D.N., 2006,

Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater--Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies: Water Resources Research, v. 42, W05411, doi:10.1029/2005WR004349.

Krumholz, L.R., and Suflita, J.M., 1997,

Anaerobic aquifer transformations of 2,4-Dinitrophenol under different terminal electron accepting conditions: Anaerobe, v. 3, no. 6, p. 399-403, doi:10.1006/anae.1997.0116.

Anderson, R.T., Rooney-Varga, J.N., Gaw, C.V., and Lovley, D.R., 1998,

Anaerobic benzene degradation in the Fe(III) reduction zone of petroleum-contaminated aquifers: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1222-1229, doi:10.1021/es9704949.

Godsy, E.M., Goerlitz, D.F., and Grbic'-Galic', D., 1990,

Anaerobic biodegradation of creosote contaminants in natural and simulated ground water ecosystems, in Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes--EPA's Biosystems Technology Development Program, Falls Church, Virginia, 1990: p. 39-42.

Godsy, E.M., Goerlitz, D.F., and Grbic'-Galic', D., 1992,

Anaerobic biodegradation of creosote contaminants in natural and simulated ground water ecosystems: Ground Water, v. 30, p. 232-242.

Godsy, E.M., Goerlitz, D.F., and Grbic'-Galic', D., 1987,

Anaerobic biodegradation of creosote contaminants in natural and simulated ground-water ecosystems, in Franks, B.J., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, p. A-17-A-19.

Mormile, M.R., Liu, S., and Suflita, J.M., 1994,

Anaerobic biodegradation of gasoline oxygenates--Extrapolation of information to multiple sites and redox conditions: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 9, p. 1727-1732, doi:10.1021/es00058a026.

Adrian, N.R., and Suflita, J.M., 1994,

Anaerobic biodegradation of halogenated and nonhalogenated N-, S- and O-heterocylic compounds in aquifer slurries: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, p. 1551-1557.

Liu, S., and Suflita, J.M., 1994,

Anaerobic biodegradation of methyl esters by Acetobacterium woodii and Eubacterium limosum: Journal of Industrial Microbiology, v. 13, p. 321-327.

Lorah, M.M., Voytek, M.A., Kirshtein, J.D., and Jones, E.J., 2003,

Anaerobic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and association with microbial communities in a freshwater tidal wetland, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland--Laboratory experiments and comparisons to field data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4157.

Grbic'-Galic', D., Henry, S.M., Godsy, E.M., Edwards, E., and Mayer, K.P., 1991,

Anaerobic degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and aerobic degradation of trichloroethylene by subsurface microorganisms, in Baker, R.A., ed., Biological, v. 3 of Organic substances and sediments in water: Boca Raton, Fla., Lewis Publishers, Inc., p. 239-266.

Kazumi, J., Caldwell, M.E., Suflita, J.M., Lovley, D.R., and Young, L.Y., 1997,

Anaerobic degradation of benzene in diverse anoxic environments: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 813-818, doi:10.1021/es960506a.

Blum, J.S., Culbertson, C.W., and Oremland, R.S., 1996,

Anaerobic growth of bacterial strain SES3 with selenate as the electron acceptor, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 911-915.

Grossman, E.L., Cifuentes, L.A., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2002,

Anaerobic methane oxidation in a landfill-leachate plume: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 36, no. 11, p. 2436-2442, doi:10.1021/es015695y.

Godsy, E.M., and Goerlitz, D.F., 1986,

Anaerobic microbial transformations of phenolic and other selected compounds in contaminated ground water at a creosote works, Pensacola, Florida, in Mattraw, H.C., Jr., and Franks, B.J., eds., Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida--U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste-Ground Water Contamination Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2285, chap. H, p. 55-58.

Godsy, E.M., and Goerlitz, D.F., 1984,

Anaerobic microbial transformations of phenolic and other selected compounds in contaminated ground-water at American Creosote Works, Pensacola, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-466, 77-84 p.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 1996,

Anaerobic mineralization of vinyl chloride in Fe(III)-reducing, aquifer sediments: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 6, p. 2084-2086, doi:10.1021/es950926k.

Bradley, P.M., Landmeyer, J.E., and Dinicola, R.S., 1998,

Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C]Dichloroethene under Mn(IV)-reducing conditions: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 4, p. 1560-1562.

Oremland, R.S., Hoeft, S.E., Bano, N., Hollibaugh, R.A., and Hollibaugh, J.T., 2002,

Anaerobic oxidation of arsenite in Mono Lake water and by a faculative, arsenite-oxidizing chemoautrotroph, strain MLHE-1: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 68, p. 4795-4802, doi:10.1128/AEM.68.10.4795-4802.2002.

Lovley, D.R., and Lonergan, D.J., 1990,

Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-Cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1858-1864.

Bradley, P.M., Chapelle, F.H., and Löffler, F.E., 2008,

Anoxic mineralization--Environmental reality or experimental artifact?: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 28, no. 1, p. 47-49, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00186.x.

De Flaun, M.F., Drew, S., Dale, J., Lacombe, P., and Schauble, P., 2006,

Application of bioaugmentation for TCE DNAPL in fractured bedrock, in Sass, B.M., ed., Fifth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, California, May 22-25, 2006: Columbus, Ohio, Battelle Press, (CD ROM).

Davis, J.A., and Curtis, G.P., 2003,

Application of surface complexation modeling to describe uranium (VI) adsorption and retardation at the uranium mill tailings site at Naturita, Colorado: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Report NUREG CR-6820.

Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1988,

Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2318, 41 p.

Davis, J.A., Meece, D.E., Kohler, M., and Curtis, G.P., 2004,

Approaches to surface complexation modeling of uranium(VI) adsorption on aquifer sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. 3621-3641, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.003.

Goldberg, M.C., Cunningham, K.M., Aiken, G.R., and Weiner, E.R., 1992,

The aqueous photolysis of a-pinene in solution with humic acid: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 9, p. 79-89, doi:10.1016/0169-7722(92)90051-F.

Scholl, M.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Christenson, S.C., Breit, G.N., and Schlottman Norvell, J.L., 1999,

Aquifer heterogeneity at the Norman, Oklahoma, landfill and its effect on observations of biodegradation processes, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 557-567.

Anderson, R.T., Rooney-Varga, J.N., Gaw, C.V., and Lovley, D.R., 1999,

Aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation under Fe(III)-reducing conditions, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 177-186.

Arai, Y., Sparks, D.L., and Davis, J.A., 2005,

Arsenate adsorption mechanisms at the allophane-water interface: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 39, p. 2537-2544, doi:10.1021/es0486770.

Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 1993,

Arsenate inhibition of denitrification in nitrate contaminated sediments: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 25, no. 10, p. 1459-1462, doi:10.1016/0038-0717(93)90062-G.

Stolz, J.F., Basu, P., Santini, J.M., and Oremland, R.S., 2006,

Arsenic and selenium in microbial metabolish: Annual Review of Microbiology, v. 60, p. 107-130.

Stollenwerk, K.G., Breit, G.N., Welch, A.H., Yount, J.C., Whitney, J.W., Foster, A.L., Uddin, M.N., Majumder, R.K., and Ahmed, N., 2007,

Arsenic attenuation by oxidized aquifer sediments in Bangladesh: Science of the Total Environment, v. 379, no. 2-3, p. 133-150, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.029 (Arsenic in the Environment, Biology and Chemistry--Arsenic in the Environment Special Issue, Bhattacharya, P., Welch, A.H., Stollenwerk, K.G., McLaughlin, M.J., Bundschuh, J., and Panaullah, G., eds.).

Welch, A.H., and Stollenwerk, K.G., eds., 2003,

Arsenic in ground water--Geochemistry and occurrence: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 475 p., ISBN:978-1-4020-7317-5,

Oremland, R.S., and Stolz, J.F., 2005,

Arsenic, microbes, and contaminated aquifers: Trends in Microbiology, v. 13, no. 2, p. 45-49, doi:10.1016/j.tim.2004.12.002.

Davis, J.A., Yabusaki, S.B., Steefel, C.I., Zachara, J.M., Curtis, G.P., Redden, G.P., Criscenti, L.J., and Honeyman, B.D., 2004,

Assessing conceptual models for subsurface reactive transport of inorganic contaminants: Eos, v. 85, no. 44, p. 449-455.

Church, C.D., Isabelle, L.M., Pankow, J.F., Tratnyek, P.G., and Rose, D.L., 1997,

Assessing the in situ degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) byproduct identification at the sub-ppb level using direct aqueous injection GC/MS, in 213th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Proceedings, San Francisco, Calif., April 13-17, 1997: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, p. 411-413.

Eganhouse, R.P., and Pontolillo, J., 2002,

Assessing the reliability of physico-chemical property data (Kow, Sw) for hydrophobic organic compounds--DDT and DDE as a case study: SETAC Globe (Learned Discourses), v. 3, no. 4 (July-August), p. 34-35.

Landmeyer, J.E., Chapelle, F.H., and Bradley, P.M., 1996,

Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of gasoline contamination in the shallow aquifer, Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4026, 50 p.

Penarrieta, C.T., 1998,

Assessment of microbial oxygen consumption in a aquifer using a natural-gradient tracer test and core incubations: Boulder, University of Colorado, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, unpublished M.S. thesis, 124 p.

McMahon, P.B., Chapelle, F.H., and Jagucki, M.L., 1992,

Atrazine mineralization potential of alluvial aquifer sediments under aerobic conditions: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 26, no. 8, p. 1556-1559, doi:10.1021/es00032a010.

Welch, A.H., Stollenwerk, K.G., Breit, G.N., Foster, A.L., Yount, J.C., Whitney, J.W., Uddin, M.N., Alam, M.M., and Islam, M.S., 2006,

Attention of arsenic in Bangledesh sediments--Implications for ground-water development, in Naidu, R., and others, eds., Managing arsenic in the environment--From soil to human health: Collingwood, Australia, CSIRO Publishing, p. 363-377, ISBN:0643068686.

Smith, R.L., Ceazan, M.L., and Brooks, M.H., 1994,

Autotrophic, hydrogen-oxidizing, denitrifying bacteria in groundwater--Potential agents for bioremediation of nitrate contamination: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 60, no. 6, p. 1949-1955.

Schäfer, H., Miller, L.G., Oremland, R.S., and Murrell, J.C., 2007,

Bacterial cycling of methyl halides, in Laskin, A., Sariaslani, S., and Gadd, G., eds., Advances in Applied Microbiology: Academic Press, v. 61, p. 307-346, ISBN:978-0-12-002663-0.

Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P.M., and Casey, C.C., 2005,

Behavior of a chlorinated ethene plume following source-area treatment with Fenton's Reagent: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 25, no. 2, p. 1-12.

Krumme, M.L., Smith, R.L., Egestorff, J., Thiem, S.M., Tiedje, J.M., Timmis, K.N., and Dwyer, D., 1994,

Behavior of pollutant-degrading microorganisms in aquifers--Predictions for geneticaly engineered organisms: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1134-1138, doi:10.1021/es00055a025.

Uhle, M.E., Chin, Y., Aiken, G.R., and McKnight, D.M., 1999,

Binding of polychlorinated biphenyls to aquatic humic substances--The role of substrate and sorbate properties on partitioning: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 16, p. 2715-2718, doi:10.1021/es9808447.

Chin, Y., Aiken, G., and Danielson, K., 1997,

Binding of pyrene to aquatic and commercial humic substances--The role of molecular weight and aromaticity: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 6, p. 1630-1635, doi:10.1021/es960404k.

Kinney, C.A., Furlong, E.T., Kolpin, D.W., Burkhardt, M.R., Zaugg, S.D., Werner, S.L., Bossio, J.P., and Benotti, M.J., 2008,

Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic waste indicators in earthworms from agricultural soil amended with biosolid or swine manure: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 42, no. 6, p. 1863-1870, doi:10.1021/es702304c.

Weiss, J.V., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2008,

Biodegradation in contaminated aquifers--Incorporating microbial/molecular methods: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 2, p. 305-322, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00409.x.

Krumholz, L., Caldwell, M.E., and Suflita, J.M., 1996,

Biodegradation of "BTEX" hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions, in Crawford, R., and Crawford, D., eds., Bioremediation--Principles and applications: Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge University Press, p. 61-99.

Bradley, P.M., Carr, S.A., Baird, R.B., and Chapelle, F.H., 2005,

Biodegradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in soil from a water reclamation facility: Bioremediation Journal, v. 9, no. 2, p. 115-120.

Thorn, K.A., and Aiken, G.R., 1998,

Biodegradation of crude oil into nonvolatile organic acids in a contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota: Organic Geochemistry, v. 29, no. 4, p. 909-931, doi:10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00167-3.

Landmeyer, J.E., Bradley, P.M., and Thomas, J.M., 2000,

Biodegradation of disinfection byproducts as a potential removal process during aquifer storage recovery: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, p. 861-867.

White, K.D., 1989,

Biodegradation of methanol and tertiary butyl alcohol in subsurface systems, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 647.

Krueger, C.J., Radakovich, K.M., Sawyer, T.E., Barber, L.B., Smith, R.L., and Field, J.A., 1998,

Biodegradation of the surfactant linear alkylbenzenesulfonate in sewage-contaminated groundwater--A comparison of column experiments and field tracer tests: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 24, p. 3954-3961, doi:10.1021/es9803456.

Godsy, E.M., and Grbic'-Galic', D., 1989,

Biodegradation pathways for benzothiophene in methanogenic microcosms, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 559-564.

Moriera, N.F., 2000,

Biogeochemical degradation of phosphate in a contaminted sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Amherst, Mass., Amherst College, Department of Geology, unpublished senior thesis, 98 p.

Cozzarelli, I.M., and Baedecker, M.J., 1996,

Biogeochemical fate of organic acid metabolites produced during the microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in ground water, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 17-25.

Cozzarelli, I.M., 1993,

The biogeochemical fate of organic acids in a shallow aquifer contaminated with gasoline: Charlottesville, University of Virginia, Ph.D. dissertation, 240 p.

Barber, L.B., II, Thurman, E.M., Field, J.A., Leenheer, J.A., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1991,

Biogeochemical fate of organic compounds in sewage-contaminated ground water, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 102-105.

Baedecker, M.J., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1994,

Biogeochemical processes and migration of aqueous constituents in ground water contaminated with crude oil, in Dutton, A.R., ed., Toxic Substances and the Hydrologic Sciences--Proceedings of the conference, Austin, Texas, April 10-13, 1994: Minneapolis, Minn., American Institute of Hydrology, p. 69-79.

Eganhouse, R.P., Baedecker, M.J., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1994,

Biogeochemical processes in an aquifer contaminated by crude oil--An overview of studies at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site, in Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ground Water, Denver, Colo., August 30 - September 1, 1994: Washington, D.C., Environmental Protection Agency, p. 111-120.

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